wetpol 2013, nantes wastewater, examples on new organic

Wastewater,examples on new organic contaminants,

upcoming metal(loid)s,nanomaterials & the transfer/transformation

in (natural) wetlands

Lars Duester, Bjoern Meermann, Anne-Lena Fabricius,Michael Schluesener and Thomas A. Ternes

Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department G2 –Aquatic Chemistry, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany

(MOST PICTURES WERE REMOVED FROM THE PDFVERSION OF THIS PRESENTATION.

I ASK YOUR UNDERSTANDING)

WETPOL 2013, NANTES

WETPOL 2005, GENT:METHYLATED ANTIMONY, ARSENIC AND TIN SPECIES

IN FRESH WATER ENVIRONMENTSDuester L.

WETPOL 2013, NANTES

Scientific institution functioning as a supreme

federal agency, responsible for the

German waterways in federal ownership.

GERMAN FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY

WETPOL 2013, NANTES

EMERGING POLLUTANTS

Definition by N. Thomaidis et al. 2012:

The term “emerging pollutants” stands for the (new) substances that are released in the environment for which currently no regulations are established for their environmental monitoring. www.researchgate.net/publication/234168573_Emerging_contaminants_a_tutorial_mini- review/file/79e4150fc9255edfc7.pdf&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3S_yaBXHzVoFWDAmurD14eA2Ktww&oi=scholarr&ei=rORSUsanL9DAswbBg4C4BA& ved=0CDAQgAMoADAA

EMERGING POLLUTANTS

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/234168573_Emerging_contaminants_a_tutorial_mini-review/file/79e4150fc9255edfc7.pdf&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3S_yaBXHzVoFWDAmurD14eA2Ktww&oi=scholarr&ei=rORSUsanL9DAswbBg4C4BA&ved=0CDAQgAMoADAA



1. Pharmaceuticals,2. Personal care products,3. Illicit drugs and drug of abuse,4. Hormones and steroids,5. Benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles, polychlorinated naphthalenes,6. Perfluorochemicals,7. Polychlorinated alkanes,8. Polydimethylsiloxanes,9. Synthetic musks,10. Quaternary ammonium compounds,11. Bisphenol A (BPA),12. Triclosan (TCS),13. Triclocarban (TCC),14. Polar pesticides, 15. Industrial compounds/by-products, 16. Food additives and17. Engineered nano-materials.

Thomaidis et al. 2012 Lapworth et al. 2012

>

WETLANDS

APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

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ND

IMPA

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SIZEMATTERS

?

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

FRACTIO-NATION

>

APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

APPL

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ND

IMPA

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SIZEMATTERS

?

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

FRACTIO-NATION

WETLANDS

I. „NEW“ METAL(LOID)S


http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/documents/index_en.htm

Global production of rare earth oxides (EPA 600/R-12/572, 2012 and Du & Graedel, 2011).

I. „NEW“ METAL(LOID)STechnically critical elements

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/report-b_en.pdf



1. Impact from mining in China

2. Increase in environmental

concentrations from applications visible

(Europe)

1. Impact from mining in Kongo

2. Increase in environmental

concentrations from applications unlikely

(Europe) http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/report-b_en.pdf


>

APPLICATION AND

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

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II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SIZEMATTERS

?

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

WETLANDSFRACTIO-NATION

Definition speciation and fractionation (Templeton et al. 2000)

Chemical elements: specific form of an element defined asto isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state,

and/or complex or molecular structure.

availability mobility

Process of classification of an analyte or a group ofanalytes from a certain sample according to physical

(e.g., size, solubility) or chemical (e.g., bonding, reactivity) properties.

toxicity

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APPLICATION AND

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SIZEMATTERS

?

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE


II. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS

Definition nanomaterial at least one dimension < 100 nm.

A new class of materials in the environment?

Can the special properties of engineered nanomaterial“survive” environmental/waste water treatment processes?

Can we answer questions on interaction and transformation in complexmatrices?

What are the input quantities (and how will they change)?

II. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALSInput

Hendren at al. 2011

II. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALSInteraction and transformation

II. ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS

A new class of materials in the environment?

Can the special properties of engineered nanomaterial “survive” environmental/waste water treatment processes?

Can we answer questions on interaction and transformation in complex matrices?

What are the input quantities (and how will they change)?

NO – BUT…

UNLIKELY

STILL ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES, BUT WE ARE ON A GOOD WAY

BIG UNCERTAINTIES

>

APPLICATION AND

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE


SIZEMATTERS

?

>

APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

APPL

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IMPA

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

FRACTIO-NATION

SIZEMATTERS

?

WETLANDS

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICSCOMMISSION DECISION L232/14 of 1 September 2010 on criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine

waters (Frame of Marine Strategy Framework Directive).

Descriptor 10: Properties and quantities of marine litter do not cause harm to the coastal and marine environment.

10.1. Characteristics of litter in the marine and coastal environment 10.2. Impacts of litter on marine life

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICSPrimary vs. secondary particles

Examples for primary particles (left: polystyrene micro beads, mean diameter 230 µm in vial) and secondary particles (right: plastic fragments (white spots) < 2 mm - 0.63 µm on

a sieve in a freeze dried river sediment, collected down stream a recycling facility in Germany).

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICSPrimary vs. secondary particles - very simple assumptions

1. The amount of plastics in marine and fresh water is rising. 2. Macro plastics are photo degraded, oxidised and mechanically

abraised in surface waters and are broken down to micro plastics (weathering).

3. 1. + 2. = Even if we stop to release plastics, the amount of micro plastics in the environment will increase over time (no chance for precaution).

4. The behaviour and impact of micro plastics in marine and fresh water environments is widely unknown.

5. Wetlands are likely to be impacted as soon as their localisation is coinciding with specific density fractionation in the water body.

6. Analyses in complex matrices is time consuming. Automated systems and (chemical) tracers are missing.

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICSHidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012, ES&T

Hidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012, ES&T

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICS

http://www.sciencedaily.com

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICSLusher et al. 2013: Occurrence of micro plastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel.

Definition: < 5 mm. Method: FT-IR-Spectroscopy Key statement: “… micro plastics ingestion seems to be common in, relatively small quantities, across a range of fish species irrespectively of feeding habitat.”

Effects: 1. physical and 2. chemical

1. blocking, hindering, clogging, pseudo satitation 2. release of additives (unlikely), release of sorbed POPs (unlikely).

Sources: 1. waste water , e.g. house holds: fibres from textiles, beads from PCP… 2. waste sites, recycling and transportation 3. unintentional, 4. intentional, 5. construction materials, . . . .



Polyurethan in coastal protectionand for groin embankments

Elastocoast by BASF

http://www.polyurethanes.basf.de/pu/Coastal- Defense/index

III. MICRO AND MACRO PLASTICS… and what about wetlands?

1. Same question has to be raised for soils, e.g. Rillig, 2012, ES&T.

2. Plastics are present in wetlands, e.g. Cordeiro and Costa, 2010, Marine Pollution Bulletin.

3. Wetlands are likely to be impacted as soon as their localisation is coinciding with specific density fractionation in the water body.

http://plasticsoupfoundation.org/

http://plasticsoupfoundation.org/

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APPLICATION AND

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

Sorption hypothesis POPs on plastics?

FRACTIO-NATION

SIZEMATTERS

?

WETLANDS

>

APPLICATION AND

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APPL

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APPL

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APPLICATION AND

IMPACT

II. ENGINEERED

NANO-MATERIALS

III.MICRO AND

MACROPLASTICS

IV.MICRO-

POLLUTANTS

I.„NEW“

METAL(LOID)S

SORPTION?

KNOWINGWHAT TO

REGULATE

FRACTIO-NATION

SIZEMATTERS

?

WETLANDS

IV. MICRO POLLUTANTS

Separate sewer system?Picture: Algae on facades

1. Pls. check mass balances (if possible check transformation products).

2. Let‘s understand mechanisms.

3. Pls. get closer together.

Example:Why not start a EU COST Action on waste water, pollutants &

constructed wetlands?

WG1: How to set up the perfect functioning wetland?

WG2: Maintaining wetlands under extreme conditions.

WG3: Round robin test to address uncertainties in removal efficienciesof pollutants by wetlands.

IV. MICRO POLLUTANTS

TAKE HOME – NATURAL WETLANDS (personal opinion – recent situation)

PollutantPrecautionary

principle successful?

At the moment likely to cause adverse effects

in surface water?


in wetlands?

„NEW“METAL(LOID)S

ENGINEEREDNANO-

MATERIALS☺

MICRO ANDMACRO

PLASTICSORGANICMICRO-

POLLUTANTS

TAKE HOME – CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS (personal opinion - recent situation)

PollutantPrecautionary

principle successful?


in wetlands?

„NEW“METAL(LOID)S

ENGINEEREDNANO-

MATERIALS☺

MICRO ANDMACRO

PLASTICSORGANICMICRO-

POLLUTANTS

ADVERSITMENT I COST ACTION ES1205 - ENTER

COST Action ENTER: The transfer of Engineered

Nanomaterials from wastewater Treatment & stormwatEr to

Rivers


http://www.cost.eu/

http://www.cost.eu/


http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/essem/Actions/ES1205

http://www.es1205.eu/





ADVERSITMENT II NORMAN NETWORK

WG-1: Prioritisation of emerging substances.

WG-2: Bioassays and biomarkers in water quality monitoring.

WG-3: Effect- directed analysis for hazardous pollutant identification.

WG-4: Engineered nanoparticles in the environment.

WG-5: Waste water reuse.

http://www.norman-network.net

http://www.normandata.eu/new/

http://www.norman-network.net/

WETPOL 2013, NANTES

Thank you for your attention.

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars_Duester/

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars_Duester/

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