wfm 6202: remote sensing and gis in water management
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Dr. Akm Saiful Islam. WFM 6202: Remote Sensing and GIS in Water Management. [Part-B: Geographic Information System (GIS)]. Lecture-1: Introduction to GIS. Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM) Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). November, 2007. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Management
Dr. Akm Saiful Islam
[Part-B: Geographic Information System (GIS)]
Lecture-1: Introduction to GIS
November, 2007
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
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Introduction to GIS
What is GIS ?
An Information System that is used to input, store , retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data or geospatial data, in order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records
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Components of GIS
• Key components of GIS are:– Computer system,
geospatial data, and users
• Sources of geospatial data are:– Digitized maps, aerial
photographs, satellite images, statistical tables, and other related documents
ComputerSystem
GeospatialData
Users
Figure: Key components of GIS
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Classification of Geospatial Data
• Graphical data (called geometric data)
• Attributes (called thematic data)
Figure: Concept of Geospatial Data
Real WorldReal WorldReal WorldReal World
VectorVectorVectorVectorRaster FormRaster FormRaster FormRaster Form
Spatial ObjectsSpatial Objects
Attributes in TablesAttributes in Tables
Pixels in Raster
PointsLinesAreas
Data Model
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Why GIS is needed ?
Common problems of handing geospatial information:
Geospatial data are poorly maintained.Maps and statistics are out of date.Data and information are inaccurate.There is no data retrieval service.There is no data sharing.
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Geospatial data are better maintained in a standard format.
Revision and updating are easier.
Geospatial data and information are easier to search, analysis and represent.
More value added product.
Geospatial data can be shared and exchanged freely.
Productivity of the staff improved and more efficient.
Time and money are saved.
Better decision can be made.
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Information Management
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GIS Versus Manual WorksMaps GIS Manual works
Storage Standardized and integrated
Different scales on different standard
Retrieval Digital Database Paper Maps, Census, Tables
Updating Search by Computer
Manual Check
Overlay Very Fast Expensive & Time consuming
Spatial Analysis
Easy Complicated
Display Cheap & Fast Expensive
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Basic Functions of GIS
Functions Sub-functionsData Acquisition
and prepossessing
Digitizing, Editing , Topology Building, Projection Transformation, Format Conversion etc.
Database Management and Retrieval
Data Archival, Hierarchical Modeling , Network Modeling, Relational Modeling, Attribute Query, Object-oriented Database etc.
Spatial Measurement and Analysis
Measurement operations, Buffering, Overlay operations, connectivity Operations etc.
Graphic output and Visualization
Scale Transformation, Generalization, Topological Map, Statistical Map etc.
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Computer System for GIS
• Hardware System– Central Processing Unit (CPU)– Memory (RAM) > 64 MB– I/O Device
• Plotters, printers, mouse, digitizers, scanners, digital camera
• Software System– Operating System
• DOS, Windows
– Compiler• C++, Pascal, Fortran, BASIC
– Application Programs• ArcGIS, MGE, Geo/SQL, GFIS, IDRISI*, GRASS*
– * public domain software
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GIS as Multidisciplinary Science
Geography Cartography Remote Sensing Photogrammetry Surveying Geodesy
Statistics Operations
Research Computer Science Mathematics Civil Engineering Urban Planning
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with GIS
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Area of GIS ApplicationsArea GIS Applications
Facilities Management
Locating underground pipes & cables, planning facility maintenance, telecommunication network services
Environmental and Natural Resources Management
Environmental impact analysis, disaster management and mitigation
Street Network Locating houses and streets, car navigation, transportation planning
Planning and Engineering
Urban planning, regional planning, development of public facilities
Land Information Taxation, zoning of land use, land acquisition
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GIS Information Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
Urban Infrastructure
Urban Infrastructure
GIS Information
Infrastructure
GIS Information
Infrastructure
EnvironmentalInfrastructure
EnvironmentalInfrastructure
EconomicInfrastructure
EconomicInfrastructure
EducationalInfrastructure
EducationalInfrastructure
PopulationLand UseCadastre etc.
Natural ResourcesPollutionDisaster etc.
MarketingBankingCar Navigations etc.
Police and FireCable and PipeTransportations
Basic knowledgeComputer assisted education