w.h. the cold war (2)
TRANSCRIPT
THE COLD WARUnited States vs. Russia
Beginning
The BasicsWho What When Where Why
United States
and Soviet Union
War of ideas. Each
country tried to outdo each
other in many areas
1945-1991
World Soviet Union
CommunismWanted
security and the US wanted
freedom for all countries
The BasicsWho What When Where Why
United States
and Soviet Union
War of ideas. Each
country tried to outdo each
other in many areas
1945-1991
First in Eastern Europe-but it
spread through
the World
Soviet Union
wanted security
(Communism)
The US wanted freedom for all.
Eastern Europe
United States Soviet Union
Liberated nations-self determination
NO!!!!!
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Military Alliances
United States Soviet Union
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Formed between Western Europe and
US
Warsaw Pact – alliance between
Eastern Europe and Soviet Union
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Marshall Plan
Meanwhile, Europe is in a mess—politically, socially and economically. The US said “ a healthy Europe is good for the US”. Why?
So the US committed 25 million dollars to the rebuilding of Western Europe—the Soviets would not allow Eastern Europe to rebuild.
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
Containment / Truman Doctrine
United States Soviet Union
Policy to keep the Soviets and
communism in their borders
Wanted to spread communism
Containment
Germany-would be divided into 4 Zones
Berlin
United States Soviet Union
Controlled the western side with
France and England. Democratic .
Controlled the eastern side.
Communist. Put up a wall to keep people
from escaping to the west.
Berlin
Middle
Arms Race
United States Soviet Union
Build up army and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union
Build up army and weapons to compete
with the US
Both sides viewed the building up of an army and weapons as a way to keep the world safe so they
would be ready if their country was attacked
The Cold War Reaches Asia
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China turns to Communism
After WWII China resumed its Civil War between communist forces led by Mao Zedong and Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek. The US sent money to Chiang kai-shek to prevent the spread of Communism. But in the end the Communist prevailed and China became a communist country.
The Korean War, 1950-1953
Korean War
United States Soviet Union
Helped South Korea keep the Communist
North Korean government from
invading and taking over
Supported the North Korea and gave them
supplies
Korean War
Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
United States Soviet Union
Worried that the missiles in Cuba were going to be used on
the US
Put missiles in Cuba
Soviets agreed to dismantle the missiles after much negotiations and the US agreed to
dismantle some of their missiles in Turkey
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Vietnam War
United States Soviet UnionTried to help South Vietnam from being
invaded by Communist North
Vietnam. Effort failed.
Gave military support
Vietnam War
Space Race
United States Soviet Union1st man on the moon
in 1969Launched Sputnik in
1957
End
Leaders
United States Soviet UnionRonald Reagan – called Soviets an
“evil empire”. Negotiated nuclear arms treaties and
used economic policies to bring about the end of
communism
Mikhail Gorbachev- Soviet leader who altered policies to
allow private ownership and more democratic policies
Detente
United States Soviet Union
Viewed as an act of expansion of communism
Invaded Afghanistan and brought an end
to peace
A relaxation of tensions between both countries brought on by a new leader in the Soviet Union and an
agreement to limit the nuclear weapons
Detente
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Treaties-S.trategic A.rms L.imitation T.alks
Salt Negotiations Intermediate Long Range Nuclear Forces
TreatyReduce nuclear
proliferationEliminated nuclear and conventional ground launched
ballistic and cruise missiles
End of the Cold War
Soviet Leader Gorbachev sought to preserve Communism but established some reforms:
Glasnost: “openness”-more freedoms were allowed
Perestroika: economic “restructuring” New Direction in Foreign Policy-
Eastern Countries were permitted to hold free democratic elections
End of the Cold War
Rebellions began to overthrow communist regimes. Germany was unified and the
Soviet Union dissolved.
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End of the Cold War