Biotechnology Review

What are 2 CONS about biotechnology?

•Unpredictable side affect•High prices•Biological weapons•Food allergens•Unexpected environmental impacts

GMO’s are also called ________

•Transgenic organisms

True or False: Labeling of genetically modified

foods can best be described as voluntary

•TRUE

List 2 examples of transgenic PLANTS

•Golden rice•Round up ready corn/soybeans•Venomous cabbage•Banana vaccine

What animal was the first to be cloned?

•A Sheep

When are stem cells extracted

•5 days after zygote starts dividing

The mapping and sequencing of all the genes in the human genome that was

completed in 2003 is known as the ____

•Human Genome Project (HGP)

Fragments of DNA that has been cut with

restriction enzymes & have unpaired

nucleotides at the ends are called _____________

•Sticky Ends

______enzymes cut specific sequences of

DNA

•Restriction

__________is the total DNA in the nucleus of each

cell

•Genome

_________DNA refers to the DNA from the two

different organisms

•Recombinant

What enzyme chemically links (bonds) DNA

fragments together?

•DNA Ligase

_______ is a DNA molecule used to carry a gene of

interest from one organism to another

•Vector

The process of rejoining cut fragments of DNA is

called __________.

•Gene splicing

A __________ is a small ring of DNA in a bacterium

•plasmid

When a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal,"

disease-causing gene, this is called __________

•Gene therapy

What are 2 PROS about biotechnology?

•Environmentally friendly products•Possible cures for diseases•New vaccines & medicines•Bigger livestock•Disease resistant crops

What is the process of creating genetically IDENTICAL copies of

DNA/organisms called?

•Cloning

_______ are cells used to generate virtually any

type of specialized cell in the human body.

•Stem cells

______ are organisms with artificially altered DNA; also called transgenic

organisms

•Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

What was the name of the first cloned

organism?

•Dolly

How many restriction enzymes are needed to

make recombinant DNA?

•1

Foods that contain an added gene sequence;

foods that have a deleted gene sequence; animal products from animals fed GM feed; products

produced by GM organisms are all

considered ___________ •Genetically modified foods

_______ are organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA

•Transgenic organisms

List 1 PRO about genetically modified

FOODS.• Reduced use of chemical pesticides• Less runoff of chemicals into waterways•Greater use of farming practices that prevent

soil erosion• Higher profits for farmers• Less fungal contamination•More nutritious foods• Easing of world hunger• Improved crop quality

What are the 2 most commonly used vector?

•Plasmids, Viruses

Provide an example of how humans have used

selective breeding.

•Dog Breeds•Cat Breeds•Horse Breeds

List 2 examples of transgenic ANIMALS

•Glow fish•Fast-Growing salmon•Enviro-Pig•Less Flatulent Cows

List a risk factor associated with gene

therapy.

•Unwanted immune response•Targeting wrong cells•Infection caused by viruses•Cause tumors

True or False: The Food and Drug Administration

has approved human gene therapy products

for sale?

•FALSE

List 1 CON about genetically modified

FOODS.• Insects might develop resistance to

pesticide-producing GM crops•Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-

pollinate weeds, resulting in “super weeds”•Soil is being saturated with toxins•Certain gene products may be allergens•Unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial

insects

_____________ is the process by which desired

traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their

future generations.

•Selective Breeding