what are the characteristics of some great lakes fish?€¦ · • use similar characteristics of...
TRANSCRIPT
Objectives Upon completion of this activity, you should be able to:
• Describesomewaysfishdifferfromeachotherinappearance.• Usesimilarcharacteristicsoffishtogroupthemintocatego-
riesforclassification.• CommentonthediversityoffishintheGreatLakes.
PrOcedure
Regardlessofwhethertheyliveinanocean,lake,orstream,allfisharealikeinsomeways.Atypicalbonyfishhasscalesembed-dedinitsskin.Thesescaleshaveconcentricgrowthringsthatcanbecountedtodeterminetheageofthefish.Afewkindsoffishdo nothaveanyscales.
Ifyouknowhowtoconstructadichotomouskey,youcanmakeonethatclassifiesrealorganisms,somefishintheGreatLakes.Forthisactivityyouwillworkingroupsof3or4.Yourgroupwillconstructakeytoidentifysomefishfamiliesandlearnsomethingaboutthem.LakeEriehasalargervarietyoffishlifethananyoftheotherGreatLakes.Scientistsbelievethisisbecauseofthesouthernpositionofthelakeandbecauseitisshallow.LakeEriehas138speciesoffish.Thesespeciescanbegroupedinto27families.Allofthefishinagivenfamilysharecertaincharacteristics.Inthisexerciseyouwilllearnhowtousethesecharacteristicstoidentifythe27families.ThefisharealsofoundthroughouttheotherGreatLakes,alongwithothersthatprefercolderwater.
Source
OEAGLSEP-019,"Gettingtoknowyourlo-calfish"bySuzanneM.HartleyandRosanneFortner.
Earth Systems Understanding
ThisactivityfocusesonESU3,akeyisatoolusedbyscientiststoorganizeinformation.
Materials
•Fishpicturesandinformationaboutfishfamilies.
Teacher’s Notes
Gooverthefishcharacteristicswithstudentstomakesuretheyareawareofwhatdif-ferencestolookfor.Remindthemoftheglossary,notonlyforlookingupunfamiliarwords,butforchoosingdescriptivewordstouseintheirkey.
Followingthisactivityarepagesoffishforstudentteamstokey.Boththepicturesand the written descriptions can be used to describedifferences.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?
B13Life in the WaterCOSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
Fishalsohavegills.Thefish’smouthandcheeksactasapumptopushwateroverthegills.Aswaterpassesoverthegills,oxy-gendissolvedinthewaterisexchangedforcarbondioxidefromthefish’sblood.
Fishdifferfromeachotherinseveralcharacteristics.Studythefishcharacteristicsdiagramsoyoucanrecognizedifferenceswhenyougetyourfishpicturesfromyourteacher.RefertotheGLOSSARYtofinddefinitionsoftermsyoudonotunderstandfromthepictures.
1. Divideintofivegroups.EachgroupwillreceivepicturesanddescriptionsofagroupoffishcommontoLakeErie,whosefamiliesarealsofoundthroughouttheGreatLakes.Lookatthefishpictureswithyourgroup.Listthenamesofthefishyouareworkingwithonyouranswersheet.
2. Howareyourfishdifferentfromeachother?Listfourgen-eralways(headshape,spines,etc.).
3. Cutyourpicturesheetintosectionssothateachpiececon-tainsonlyonefish.Withyourteam,decidehowtodividethefishintotwogroupsbasedononecharacteristic.Putthefishpicturesintopilesaccordingtothatcharacteristic,whichwillbeStatement1ofyourkey.Onyouranswersheet,fillin1AandB,withthenextstepsoridentificationontherightside.[Ifyouhavenotdonetheactivity"Howdoesadichotomouskeywork?,"youshouldrefertoitforideashere.]
4. Next,takethefishinonepileanddiscusshowtheydifferfromeachother.FillinStatement2AandB.
5. Continuedividingyourfishinthiswayuntileachgrouphasonlyonefishinit.Whenyoureachthispoint,theright-handcolumnshouldbefilledinwiththefish’sname.
Teacher’s Notes
Answerstoquestions1and2willdifferfromteamtoteam.Thequestionsaregivenmainlyasadvanceorganizersandtoguideyouinassessingstudentperformance.
The“KeytoGreatLakesFish”willalsodifferfromteamtoteam.AnexampleisgivenusingGroupIII.
Possible Key to Group III
Characteristic Nextsteporidentification1A.Lateralline.......................................................................................................................21B.NoLateralline..................................................................................................................42A.Forkedtail........................................................................................................................Salmon2B.Roundedtail.....................................................................................................................33A.Longdorsalfin.................................................................................................................Bowfin3B.Shortdorsalfin.................................................................................................................PiratePerch4A.Verticalstripesonsides....................................................................................................Killifish4B.Nostripes..........................................................................................................................55A.Longnarrowanalfin........................................................................................................Livebearer5B.Shortanalfin....................................................................................................................Mudminnow
B14ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
6. Checkyourfinishedkeywhenallyourfishhavebeenclas-sified.Youshouldbeabletopickupanyfishpictureandfollowthekeytofindthenameofthefish.
7. Exchangekeysandfishpictureswithanothergroup.Donotgivethelistoffishnamesfromtheoriginalsheettotheotherteam.Seeiftheycanidentifythefishusingonlyyourdescriptionsinyourkey.
8. Getyouroriginalfishpicturesandkeybackwhentheotherteamisfinished.ReadtheFishFamilyDescriptionsyourteacherhasgivenyou.Telltheclasshowyougroupedyourfishandalittleabouteachfish.
9. Fromthegroupreports,answerthesequestions.
A.Whatfishiscoveredwithbonyplates?
B. Howdosealampreysdamageotherfish?
C. Howdoesafilter-feedingfisheat?
D. Describeamajorcharacteristicofabowfin.
E. ListfiveGreatLakesfishthatarevaluableasfoodfor humans.
F. Howdidthesuckerfamilygetitsname?
G. NametwoGreatLakesfishthathavenoscales.
H. Howdidthefreshwaterdrumgetitsname? I. NametwokindsofGreatLakesfishthatareusedasbait
forfishing.
10.Iftimepermits,workwiththeentireclasstodevelopakeythatwillclassifyall27familiesofLakeEriefish.
11.Contactyourstate’sFisheriesofficeandfindoutwhatotherfamiliesoffisharefoundinyournearestGreatLake.Addapageofthosefishtothisactivity.
Answers
A. Sturgeonarecoveredwithbonyplates.B. Lampreysareparasitesthatattachto
otherfishwiththeirsuckermouthsandsuckouttheirbloodandbodyfluids.
C. Itfiltersmicroscopicorganismsfromthewaterbycollectingtheorganismsongillrakers.Thenthefishswallowsthesefoodorganisms.
D. Ithasalongfinthatarchesinabowalongitsback.
E. Sturgeon,yellowperch,whitebass,burbot, salmon, freshwater drum, white perch,walleye,andcatfisharevaluableashumanfood.
F. Thefishhaveanextendablesuckermouthforpickingorsuckinguporgan-isms.
G. Catfish,eelandsturgeonhavenoscales.H. Itmakesadrummingsound.I. Minnows,shiners,andchubsareused
asbait.
Teacher’s Notes
Theexchangeofkeysandpictureswithanothergroupisagoodwaytofindoutifthekeyswillwork.Italsoexposesstudentstootherpossiblewaysofdistinguish-ingbetweenfish.Whenthestudentshaveconstructedtheirownkeyandtriedoutthekeymadebyanotherteam,theyshouldbewellawareofwhatdifferencestolookfor.Makingakeytoallthefishshouldnotbedifficultatthispoint.Ifyouwanttotrythis,wesuggestthatyouhavestudentswritethenameofeachfishonitspicture,thentapeallthepicturestotheblackboard.Havestudentsvolunteertodividethefishintogroupstocreateakey,onestepatatime.
Ifyouprefertousetheoverheadprojector,anincludedpage(31)haspicturesofallofthefish.Makeatransparencyofthatpageandcutitapartsoyoucanphysicallygroupthefishasthekeyisconstructed.Onepos-siblewaytogroupallthefishisshownonpage32.Agraphicwaytoshowthesameclassificationschemeisalsoprovidedonpage32.Itmayassiststudentswholearnbetterwithvisualcues.
B15What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
GreatLakesFish
(PossibleKey)
Cha
ract
eris
tic
Nextsteporidentification
1A.
Snake-shaped..............................................................2
1B.
Shapedlikeafish........................................................3
2A.
Suckermouth..............................................................Lamprey
2B.
Nosucker.....................................................................Eel
3A.
Barbels........................................................................4
3B.
Nobarbels...................................................................7
4A.
Bonyplates.................................................................Sturgeon
4B.
Nobonyplates............................................................5
5A.
Onebarbel...................................................................Burbot
5B.
Twoormorebarbels....................................................6
6A.
Slimbody....................................................................Catfish
6B.
Fatbody.......................................................................C
arp
7A.
Twodorsalfins............................................................8
7B.
Onedorsalfin..............................................................17
8A.
Allfinraysconnected.................................................9
8B.
Fourtosixunconnectedspines...................................Stickleback
9A.
Seconddorsalfinlarge................................................10
9B.
Seconddorsalfinsm
all...............................................15
10A
.Dorsalfinsseparate.....................................................11
10B.Dorsalfinsjoined........................................................12
11A
.Horizontalstripes........................................................W
hitebass
11B.Verticalcolorbands.....................................................Yellowperch
12A
.Fan-shapedpectoralfin...............................................S
culpin
12B.Sm
alltriangularpectorals............................................13
13A
.Skinnybody.................................................................Silverside
13B.Roundbody..................................................................14
14A
.Mouthontop...............................................................Sunfish
14B.Mouthonbottom.........................................................Drum
15A
Nospines.................................................................................
15B
.Spineonside...........................................................................
16A
.Row
ofspots...........................................................................
16B
.Nospots..................................................................................
17A
.Shortnose...............................................................................
17B
.Longnose................................................................................
18A
.Forkedtail..............................................................................
18B
.Roundedtail...........................................................................
19A
.Forkedtail..............................................................................
19B
.Roundedtail...........................................................................
20A
.Regularmouth........................................................................
20B
.Suckermouth..........................................................................
21A
.Widebody...............................................................................
21B
.Narrowbody...........................................................................
22A
.Sm
oothbelly...........................................................................
22B
.Sawtoothbelly.........................................................................
23A
.Flathead..................................................................................
23B
.Roundhead.............................................................................
24A
.Longdorsalfin.......................................................................
24B
.Shortdorsalfin.......................................................................
25A
.Shortanalfin..........................................................................
25B
.Longanalfin...........................................................................
26A
.Lateralline(partial)................................................................
26B
.Nolateralline.........................................................................
27A
.Tw
obandsatbaseoftail........................................................
27B
.Manybandsattail...................................................................
16 Salmon
Troutperch
Smelt
19 18 Paddlefish
Gar
20 24 21 Sucker
22 23 Mooneye
Gizzardsh
ad
Pike
Minnows
Bow
fin25 26 Livebearer
27 Mudminnow
Pirateperch
Killifish
B16ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
references
Hubbs,CarlL.,andKarlF.Lagler.1983.Fishes of the Great Lakes Region.AnnArbor:TheUniversityofMichiganPress.
Trautman,MiltonB.1981.The Fishes of Ohio.Columbus:OhioStateUniversityPress.
ThereareseveralWebsitesregardingfishspeciesintheGreatLakes.Investigatethefollowing:
http://h2o.seagrant.wisc.edu/communications/publications/FISH/LakeMichFishIndex.html
http://h2o.seagrant.wisc.edu/communications/publications/FISH/LakeSupFishIndex.html
ContactyournearestSeaGrantofficeforfisherypublications. Addressesareonpage10.
B17What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
FishCharacteristics1stdorsal
2nddorsal
tail
analfin
pelvicfin
pectoralfin
lateral line
Wherethefinsare:
Fintypes:
adipose dorsals separate
dorsalsjoined
round tail
forkedtail
suckermouth
Headfeatures:
barbels
top
bottom
Alsolookfordifferencesin: Bodyshapes Lateralline(presentorabsent) Spines(presentorabsent,andlocation) Spotsorstripes Headshapes Finshapes
B18ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
GlOssary
AdiposeFin–Fleshyfinbehindthedorsalfin.
Anterior–Front.
Barbels(pronouncedbar-bulls)–Whiskersthathelpthefishdetectfood.
Carnivore–Flesheatinganimal.
CommercialFish–Fishcaughtforcommercialtrade.
Concentric–Havingacenterincommon.Example:growthringsonatree.
Dorsal–Pertainingtothebackortop.
FilterFeeder–Filtersmicroscopicplantsandanimalsfromthewaterforfood.
ForageFish–Fishusedasfoodbylargerfish.
LateralLine–Asensoryorganwitharowofporesrunningalongeachsideoftheheadandbodyofmostfish. Itlookslikeadottedline.
Omnivore–Ananimalthateatsanysortoffood,plant,oranimal.
Parasite–Anorganismlivinginoronanotherorganism(itshost)fromwhichitobtainsfood.
Posterior–Rear.
Scales–Flexibleoverlappingplatesthatcoverthebodiesofsomefish.Scaleshelptoprotectthefish.
Sportfish–Fishthatarecaughtbyindividualsforrecreation.
Ventral–Pertainingtotheundersideorbelly.
PosteriorAnterior
Dorsal
Ventral
B19What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
I.
A.MooneyeFamily-Hiodontidae
Thesefisharesilverorgoldincolor.Theyeatinsects,insectlarvae,andsmallminnows.Theyprefertofeedinswiftlymovingwater,butliveincalmwater.Mooneyesarenotverygoodtoeat.
B.HerringFamily-Clupeidae
Herringshaveasaw-toothedorjaggedbelly.Theyfeedonplankton.Manylargerfishsuchaswalleyesofteneatgizzardshad,onememberoftheherringfamily.Alewives,anothermemberofthisfamily,havebeenintro-ducedtotheGreatLakes.Theyhavegreatpopulationexplosionsfollowedbyrapiddie-off.Theaccompanyingpictureisofagizzardshad.
C.PikeFamily-Esocidae
Pikeliveinlakes,ponds,andstreamswherethewateriswarmandfullofweeds.Theyareveryfierceandeatanythingtheycancatch.Somepikegrowtobe7feetlongandweighasmuchas35pounds.Pikepopulationshavedeclinedbecauseofdestructionofspawninggrounds.
D.SuckerFamily-Catostomidae
Suckersliveonthebottomoflakes,ponds,andstreams.Theyhavespecialmouthsthathelpthemtosuckupsmallanimalsandplants.Somesuckers,likethebigmouthbuffalo,growtobeverylarge.Manyfishermenliketocatchthesebigfish,whicharegoodtoeat.
E. Paddlefish-Polydontidae
Paddlefishliveinsiltyriversandfloodplainlakes.Somegrowtobe6feetlongandweighupto150pounds.Theygettheirnamefromtheirpaddle-shapedsnouts.Paddlefisheatbyswimmingwiththeirmouthsopen.Foodwashesintotheirmouthsastheyswimalong.Fishthateatthiswayarecalledfilterfeeders.Paddlefishareendangeredbecausedamsalongriverspreventmigrationandspawning.
F. GarFamily-Lepisosteidae Thesefishhavebonyplatescoveringtheirbodies.Garshavesharp,strong
teethandeatallkindsoffish,bothlivinganddead.Theyaresohardtocatchthatfishermenhavegar-rodeosandusewiresnaresinsteadoffishingpolestocatchthefish.Garsprefertoliveinthecalmwatersofbaysratherthanintheopenlake.
30-38cm
48-94cm
51-122cm
31-41cm
30-65cm
41-91cm
B20ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
19-41cm
11-30cm
9-15cm
7-10cm
II.
A. SculpinFamily-Cottidae Sculpinshavelargespinyheads.Theyhavenoscales.Sculpinsliveonthe
deepbottom,feedingonsmallfish.
B. SilversideFamily-Atherinidae Silversidesgettheirnamebecauseoftheirverylightcolor.Theyfeednear
thesurfaceofthewaterandoftenskipintheairforshortdistances.TheSilverside'snumbersaredecreasing.
C. SunfishFamily-Centrarchidae Therearemanytypesoffishinthisfamily.Largemouthbass,smallmouth
bass,andbluegillsareallsunfish.Theyeatsmallerfish,frogs,andothercreaturessuchascrayfish.Sunfishareprotectedfromcommercialfishing.
D. PerchFamily-Percidae Thisgroupincludesthewalleyeandtheyellowperch,bothofwhichare
importantinsportfishing.Theyarealsoimportantcommercially.Walleyeliveincold,cleanwater.Yellowpercharesmallerthanwalleyeandcanliveinwarmerwater.
E. TemperateBasses-Percichthyidae ThewhitebassandthewhitepercharethetemperatebassesfoundinLake
Erie.Thesefishliveinquietwateroversandandgravelbottoms.Schools,orgroups,ofwhitebassareoftenseenjustunderthesurfaceofthewater.Theyfeedonsmallerfish,includingtheirownyoung.
4-10cm
B21What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
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III.
A. MudminnowFamily-Umbridae Mudminnowseatmanykindsoffood,bothplantsandanimalsliving.
Mudminnowswilldiveintothemuddybottomtoescapefromdanger.Becauseotherfishliketoeatmudminnows,anglersoftenusethemasbait.
B. KillifishFamily-Cyprinodontidae Killifishhavemouthsthatopenalongtheupperfrontoftheirheads.This
helpsthemfeedatthesurfaceofthewater.Killifishliveinclear,shallowwaterwheretherearemanyplants.Anglersusekillifishaslivebaitbecausemanylargerfisheatthem.
C. PiratePerchFamily-Aphredoderidae Thesearesmallfish,upto4incheslong.Theyeatsmallerfishandaquatic
insects.Theyarerarelycaught.
D. BowfinFamily-Amiidae Bowfinsgettheirnamefromthelongfinthatarchesovertheirbacks.They
liveinquietwaterwheretherearemanyplants.Bowfinseatfish,frogs,andcrayfish.
E. LivebearersFamily-Poeciliidae Livebearersdonotlayeggs.Thebabyfisharebornalive.The"mosquito-
fish"Gambusiafeedsonthemosquitolarvaethatlivenearthesurfaceofthewater.
F. TroutandSalmonFamily-Salmonidae Salmonandtroutbelongtothesamefamily.Thesefishhaveanextrafatty
fincalledtheadiposefin.Fishermenlikethembecausetheyarelargeandgoodtoeat.SalmondonotlivenaturallyinLakeErie.TheDepartmentofNaturalResourcesstocksthelakewithsalmonforthefishermentocatch.
5-10cm
4-11cm
4-7cm
2-3cmmales 5-6cmfemales
38-63cm
50-110cm
B22ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
IV.
A. TroutperchFamily-Percopsidae Troutperchhaveroughscales.Theyhaveanadiposefinlikethetroutand
spinyfinsliketheperch.Manyotherfisheatthetroutperch.
B. SmeltFamily-Omeridae Smeltaresmallfishwithsmoothscales.Theymaygrowtobe9inches
long.Smelthaveanadiposefin.Theyalsohaveteethontheirtongues.Theyeatsmallerfishandothercreaturessuchascrayfish.
C. MinnowFamily-Cyprinidae Minnowsareimportantasfoodformanylargerfish.Theyarealsowidely
usedforbait.Thisfamilyalsoincludesthecarpandgoldfish.Minnowsliveinwarm,organicallyrichwaters.
D. SticklebackFamily-Gasterosteidae Sticklebacksgettheirnamefromthestiffspinesontheirbacks.Theylive
inthecold,quietwatersofstreamsandbogs.
E. DrumFamily-Scianenidae Thesefishgetstheirnamefromthedrummingsoundtheymake.Theyhave
alaterallinethatextendsallthewayacrosstheirtailfins.Somefishermencallthisfishthe"sheepshead."Othercommonnamesincludesilverbass,graybass,andreefbass.Theyeatcrayfish,aquaticinsects,andsmallfish.
8-13cm
30-76cm
8-18cm
18-25cm
4-6cm
B23What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
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76-102cm
15-63cm
41-81cm
31-76cm
28-76cm
51-140cm
V.
A. CodFamily-Gadidae Codhaveonelongfeeler,orbarbel,undertheirchins.TheGreatLakes
representativeofthecodfamilyistheburbot.Itisnotcommerciallyvalu-ablelikeitsmarinecousins.
B. CatfishFamily-Ictaluridae Catfisheatbothplantsandanimals.Theyhavefeelers(barbels)neartheir
mouthstohelpthemfindfood.Theyhavenoscales.Bullheadsaresmallcatfish.Theyliveinmuddypondsandstreams.Theycansurviveevenwhenpondsdryup.Themalebullheadwatchesthenestandguardstheyoung.Theflatheadcatfishcanweighupto100pounds.Fishermenlikecatfishbecausemostofthemaregoodtoeat.
C. MinnowFamily-Cyprinidae Minnowsareimportantasfoodformanylargerfish.Theyarealsowidely
usedforbait.Thisfamilyalsoincludesthecarpandgoldfish.Minnowsliveinwarm,organicallyrichwaters.
D. SturgeonFamily-Acipenseridae Thesefishhavebonyplatescoveringtheirbodies.Sturgeonshavespecial
mouthsforsuckingupfoodfromthebottomofthewater.Feelersontheirmouthshelpthemtofindfood.Peopleliketoeatcaviarmadefromsturgeoneggs.Sturgeonsdonotspawnuntiltheyreach20yearsofage.Theirnumbershavedecreasedsharplysince1916duetolossofspawninggrounds.
E. EelFamily-Anguillidae Eelseatbothplantsandanimals.Theyhavetruejaws.Theyarelongand
thinlikesnakesandhavenoscales.Eelsfeedatnightandhuntbysenseofsmell.Theycansurviveinpollutedwater.
F. LampreyFamily-Petromyzontidae
Younglampreysliveinthemudonthebottomofstreams.Ittakesupto7yearsfortheyounglampreystogrowup.Lampreyshavesuckingmouthsandsharpteeth.Someadultlampreysareparasites.Theyusetheirsuckingmouthstoattachthemselvestootherfishandsucktheirblood.Lampreyshavenojaws.
B24ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
TeacherPage.Foruseasanoverheadtransparency.
B25What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons
ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
B26ES-EAGLS—Life in the Great Lakes©The Ohio State University, 1997.
What are the Characteristics of Some Great Lakes Fish?COSEE Greatest of the Great Lakes—A Medley of Model Lessons