what crimes are they predominantly involved in? drugs, auto theft, intimidation, weapon sales,...
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What crimes are What crimes are they they
predominantly predominantly involved in?involved in?
Drugs, auto theft, Drugs, auto theft, intimidation, weapon intimidation, weapon
sales, burglary,sales, burglary,and violent crimes are all and violent crimes are all
common.common.
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SPO #1-CRIMINAL GANG SPO #1-CRIMINAL GANG DEFINEDDEFINED
ANY COMPANY OF PERSONS, ANY COMPANY OF PERSONS, WHO GO ABOUT TOGETHER WHO GO ABOUT TOGETHER OR ACT IN CONCERT, MAINLY OR ACT IN CONCERT, MAINLY FOR FOR CRIMINAL PURPOSESCRIMINAL PURPOSES
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Ohio Law Ohio Law ORC 2923.41 ““Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing, Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing,
formal or informal organization, formal or informal organization, association or group of 3 or more association or group of 3 or more persons to which all the following persons to which all the following apply:“Criminal Gang:” means an apply:“Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing, formal or informal ongoing, formal or informal organization, association or group of organization, association or group of 3 or more persons to which all the 3 or more persons to which all the following apply:following apply:
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1. It has as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more of certain, specified offenses
2. It has a common name or one or more common, identifying signs, symbols or colors
3. The persons in the organization, association or group individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity
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““Pattern of Criminal Pattern of Criminal Activity”Activity”
Means that, subject to specified conditions, persons in the criminal gang have committed or in any manner have caused the commission or, in any manner, have caused another to commit 2 or more of any of the following offenses:
A felony OR… An offense of violence OR...
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2907.04--Corruption of a Minor2907.04--Corruption of a Minor 2909.06—Criminal 2909.06—Criminal
damaging/Endangeringdamaging/Endangering 2911.211--Aggravated 2911.211--Aggravated
TrespassTrespass 2917.04--Failure to Disperse2917.04--Failure to Disperse 2919.23--Interference with 2919.23--Interference with
CustodyCustody 2919.24--Contributing to 2919.24--Contributing to
Unruliness of a DelinquentUnruliness of a Delinquent 2921.04--Intimidation of an 2921.04--Intimidation of an
Attorney, Victim or WitnessAttorney, Victim or Witness
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2923.16--Improperly Handling Firearms in a Motor Vehicle
2925.03--Trafficking in Drugs 2927.12--Ethnic Intimidation
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Pattern of Criminal Gang Pattern of Criminal Gang ActivityActivity
A Pattern of Criminal Gang Activity exists if all the following apply to specified offenses AND persons in the criminal gang caused in any way the commission of those offenses OR caused another, in any way, to commit those offenses:
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The penalty for participating in a The penalty for participating in a criminal gang is acriminal gang is a
felony of the 2nd degree felony of the 2nd degree ORC 2923.42
At least 1 of the 2 or more offenses is a felony
The last of those 2 or more offenses occurs within 5 years after, at least, one of those offenses
The two or more offenses are committed on separate occasions by 2 or more persons
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SPO #2- CHARACTERISTICS OF SPO #2- CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL GANG MEMBERSCRIMINAL GANG MEMBERS
COMMIT CRIMES FREQUENTLYCOMMIT CRIMES FREQUENTLY HAVE PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENCEHAVE PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENCE HAVE ACCESS TO WEAPONSHAVE ACCESS TO WEAPONS DISREGARD LAWFUL AUTHORITYDISREGARD LAWFUL AUTHORITY DISREGARD THE VALUE OF LIFE, DISREGARD THE VALUE OF LIFE,
INCLUDING THEIR OWNINCLUDING THEIR OWN
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Gang Nuisance Gang Nuisance AbatementAbatement Any building, premises or real Any building, premises or real
estate including vacant land that is estate including vacant land that is used or occupied by a criminal used or occupied by a criminal gang on more than 2 occasions gang on more than 2 occasions within a 1 year period to engage in within a 1 year period to engage in a a pattern of criminal gang activity pattern of criminal gang activity constitutes a nuisance subject to constitutes a nuisance subject to abatementabatement
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Gangs are not exclusively a minority phenomenon White Supremacy 1. KKK 2. Aryan Nations Left wing radical gangs 1. Animal Liberation Front 2. Earth Liberation Front, typically
upper class, college educated, caucasian
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Gangs are visible in the Gangs are visible in the community in a number of community in a number of ways:ways: Graffiti 1. Sends messages 2. Warns and challenges
intruders and rival gang members
a. Police officers are considered to be intruders
b. Graffiti is the newspaper of the street
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Media 1. News 2. Popular music 3. Movies Schools 1. Nearly twice as many teenagers
reported gangs in their schools in 1995 as in 1989
2. The number of students victimized by violent crime increased nearly 25% at the same time
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Malls Theaters Hospitals Parks Civic events
Gangs are visible in the Gangs are visible in the community in a number of community in a number of ways:ways:
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Type ~ Delinquent Gangs Groups of young people who “hang-
out” together and.. Possess a name Have a leader or leaders Possess identifying signs Engage in: Truancy, Minor vandalism, &
Status offenses to get attention from police, parents, and schools (Typically not charged with serious crimes)
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Traditional Turf-Based Gangs Groups of young people who
possess: A name, A leader or leaders, and share identifying signs
Group is committed to defending its reputation and status as a gang
Associated with a geographical territory which it defends against rival gangs
Key identifying characteristics are turf and gang rivalry
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SPO #3-CRITERIA TO SPO #3-CRITERIA TO DECRIBE THREAT GROUPSDECRIBE THREAT GROUPS
INTERACTING TOGETHER REGULARLY ORGANIZATION, STRUCTURE AND
LEADERSHIP PRESENT WITHIN GROUP COMMON SIGNS, SYMBOLS AND
NAMES CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
COMMITTED BY OR FOR THE GROUP
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National Socialist Movement
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Violent/Hate Gangs Group engages in violent acts for
ideological or religious reasons, such as racism
Skinheads, KKK, Aryan Nation, Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Mexica Movement
Collectively, members engage in violent acts toward other groups or individuals whom they see as being different
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Turf and material gain are of secondary importance if present at all
Offenses include: Intimidation, Serious assaults, Homicide
A Partner with some street gangs are the Prison Gangs
In some cases the power base of the gang is actually in the prison (Aryan Brotherhood)
Violent/Hate GangsViolent/Hate Gangs
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Gang AlliancesGang Alliances All gang problems are local in
nature Gang members model themselves
on national gangs Very few, however, will have direct
links to Chicago, Los Angeles or New York
2. An individual gang, typically, tends to align itself with a large overall alliance of gangs called a “Nation”
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Purpose of “National” affiliation: Method by which gangs are
categorized Method of identifying gang rivalries A “Set” describes a particular gang
within the “nation” One estimation gives 100 distinct
“sets” of gangs in Northeastern Ohio alone
Gang AlliancesGang Alliances
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In Ohio the most common “Nations” are?
The People NationThe People NationThe Folk NationThe Folk Nation
Gang AlliancesGang Alliances
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““People Nation”People Nation” Custom is to wear gang identifiers
to the left side of the body Earring in left ear Left pant leg rolled up Cap tilted to the left side Hand signs thrown to the left Uses 5-pointed star in gang graffiti
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““Folk Nation”Folk Nation” Custom is to wear gang identifiers
to the right side of the body Apparel is worn in opposition to the
People Nation Uses the 6-Pointed
Star in their graffiti
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Some gangs in Ohio have Some gangs in Ohio have also modeled themselves also modeled themselves after after Los Angeles based gangs:Los Angeles based gangs: Crips--Identifies with the color Crips--Identifies with the color
BlueBlue Bloods--Identifies with the color Bloods--Identifies with the color
RedRed
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Ohio Gangs Miami Valley ~Diamond Cut, Dayton
View Hustlas, Dope Boy Mafia, BGDs, Greenwich Village Crew/Catel/Clique, MS13/SUR13, Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, Aryan Nation, Black Pistons +++
Prison ~Aryan Brotherhood, Black Gangster Disciples, Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, Mexican Mafia, MS13
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TYPES OF GANG TYPES OF GANG MEMBERSMEMBERS
RECRUITSRECRUITS PERIPHERALPERIPHERAL ASSOCIATE/AFFILIATEASSOCIATE/AFFILIATE HARD CORE MEMBERHARD CORE MEMBER
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Gangs Working Gangs Working TogetherTogether
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SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
PAGER/CELL PHONEPAGER/CELL PHONE GANG “LIT” (LITERATURE SHOWING GANG “LIT” (LITERATURE SHOWING
GANG ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS, ETC.)GANG ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS, ETC.) WEAPONSWEAPONS DRUGSDRUGS GRAFFITTI ON BOOKS, GRAFFITTI ON BOOKS,
POSTERS AND CLOTHESPOSTERS AND CLOTHES WEARING GANG WEARING GANG
COLORS/CLOTHESCOLORS/CLOTHES
33
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USING HAND SYMBOLDUSING HAND SYMBOLD TATOOS WITH GANG INISIGNIATATOOS WITH GANG INISIGNIA PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF GABEE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF GABEE
MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIP SUSPICIOUS WOUNDS OR BRUISES-MAY SUSPICIOUS WOUNDS OR BRUISES-MAY
BE PART OF INITIATION ACTIVITIESBE PART OF INITIATION ACTIVITIES POSSESSION OF GANG PHOTOSPOSSESSION OF GANG PHOTOS USING UNCOMMON TERMS OR SLANGUSING UNCOMMON TERMS OR SLANG
SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
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BEHAVING IN A SECRETIVE MANERBEHAVING IN A SECRETIVE MANER INTERACTING FRQUENTLY WITH LAW INTERACTING FRQUENTLY WITH LAW
ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT CARRYING LARGE CARRYING LARGE
SUMS OF MONEYSUMS OF MONEY BUYING EXPENSIVE BUYING EXPENSIVE
ITEMS ITEMS
SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
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Motorcycle GangsMotorcycle Gangs Began in early 50s as loosely knit
rowdy groups as a form of social protest
Have evolved into recognized, dangerous criminal groups
They are a major threat to law enforcement due to:
Their possession of and expertise with sophisticated weapons
Intricate intelligence networks
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Estimated by one source that only 1% of bikers nationally engage in criminal activity
Commonly known organized criminal motorcycle gangs:
Hell’s Angels Outlaws Pagans Bandidos
Iron Horsemen Mongols Sons of Silence
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SPO #5=MOTIVATORS FOR SPO #5=MOTIVATORS FOR CRIMINAL GANG INVOLVEMENTCRIMINAL GANG INVOLVEMENT
LACK OF FAMILYLACK OF FAMILY LACK OF ROLE MODELSLACK OF ROLE MODELS LACK OF ELF-ESTEEMLACK OF ELF-ESTEEM LACK OF FUTURELACK OF FUTURE PEEP PRESSSURERPEEP PRESSSURER A SENSE OF IDENTITYA SENSE OF IDENTITY THRILLS AND EXCITEMENT THRILLS AND EXCITEMENT
OF GANG LIFEOF GANG LIFE
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REASONS FOR LEAVING A REASONS FOR LEAVING A GANGGANG GROWING UP AND GETTING SMARTER FEAR OF INJURY FOR SELF AND OTHERS DEVELOPMENT OF INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP FINDING EMPLOYMENT BEING CONCERNED FOR THE YOUTH OF THE
COMMUNITY HAVING A RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE HAVING AN ADULT TAKE AN INTEREST IN,
ASSIST OR ENCOURAGE YOUTH
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Stanley Tookie Williams Stanley Tookie Williams
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SPO #6-MOTIVATORS FOR SPO #6-MOTIVATORS FOR GANG RELATED CRIMESGANG RELATED CRIMES
POWER/ CONTROLPOWER/ CONTROL ANGER/AGGRESSIONANGER/AGGRESSION PROFITPROFIT OTHER “BUSINESS” OTHER “BUSINESS”
OF THE GANGOF THE GANG DEFENSEDEFENSE
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SUPPRESSION IS THE SUPPRESSION IS THE CALCULATED AND DELIBERATE CALCULATED AND DELIBERATE
EFFORT TO CURB GANG EFFORT TO CURB GANG ACTIVITYACTIVITY
AGGRESSIVE ARRESTAGGRESSIVE ARREST PROSECUTIONPROSECUTION INCARCERATION OF GANG MEMBERSINCARCERATION OF GANG MEMBERS
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TYPES OF SUPPRESSION TYPES OF SUPPRESSION STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
INTELLIGENCE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION SHARING USE OF SPECIALIZED UNITS ZERO TOLERANCE
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GATTEHRING INTELLIGENCE REGARDING A GANG
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE GANG GANG SIGNS AND COLORS GANG TERRITORY GANG HANGOUTS GANG NAMES/NICK-NAMES GANG RITUALS
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