What Cyber-Phisical System is?

Rock Hyun ChoiMOEM Lab in Daegu

University

What is CPS? The integration of physical system

and processes with networked com-puting has led to the emergence of a new generation of engineered sys-tem

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

RangeMiniscule(pace makers) ~ large scale(Aircraft)

Good Ex:Automobiles: the depth of this change is well-re-

flected Why important?

다른 방법으로 실현 할 수 없었던 것을 임베디드 시스템을 이용하면 physical system 에 어떤 능력을 부여해 줄 수 있다 .

Ex) fuel efficiency, pollution mandates

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

How to make it better?Merging computing and networking with physical sys-

temSo, it creates new capabilities and improve/maintain

product quality.

MethodologyU.S. – NSFEuropean Union – ARTEMIS & EPoSS JAPAN – Embedded technology conferenceSouth Korea - KIPA

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

Opportunities Created by CPS

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

Opportunities Created by CPS

ShortcomingsCurrent industrial experience

→ inefficient, unsafe, and unpredictable

CompositionCompositionality: 시스템 레벨 영역들을 로컬영역

구성요소들에 의해서 계산 ( 조작 ) 될 수 있다 .Composability: 컴포넌트 ( 부품 , 성분 , 구성요

소 ) 영역은 다른 컴포넌트에 상호작용의 결과로 변화되지 않는다 .

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

CompositionCPSs are inherently heterogeneous

Why? Their components and essential de-sign requirements.

Multi-objective design problems:Separation of concerns( = design view-

points)

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

Engine engineer

Network engineerorthogonal

Design automationHeterogeneity → increase design complex-

ity• → bad for design automation, serious

problem

Today standard is to use different processes and tools• 중복된 노력으로 시간과 자원 낭비가 심함

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

System integration

• Cannot reliable, predictable• Large scale system development 에 일반적 문제• Why? Science 와 engineering 의 분리로 발생한 관리문제

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

ComplexSystem

into

integrate complex components

Certification현재 complex system(ex. 비행기 ,

의료장비 ) 인증비용이 너무 높고 , 이전 디자인 양상으로는 모두 역어서 테스트 하기가 너무나 힘듬

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

Firstbuilding

And thencheck

검사기

Security and privacyIt’s new threats!Can cause huge accidents → can’t easily re-

coverWhy? Physical system can now be attacked

through cyberspace, and vice versa.Education

Stovepiping of engineering versus computer science• Fail to train CPS workers

CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group

The challenges of CPS research2.1 Real-time system abstractions

• Current: the principal task of a computer is data trans-formation

• CPS: CPSs are real-time system. This requires reexam-ination of existing hardware and software architecture.– Real-time event triggers– Consistent views of distributes states in real-time within the

sphere of influence. Great in mobile devices– Topology control and dynamic real-time groups in the form of

packaged service classes of bounded delay, jitter and loss under precisely specified condition.

– Interface to access to the same type of controls regardless of the underlying network technology

CPS: A new Frontier by Lui sha

임베디드 시스템은 다른 일반 목적 컴퓨팅 시스템 보다 높은 안정성을 추구한다Not entirely predictableWhy? It misses timing deadline

1. Worst Case Execution Time(WCET)• 간단한 문제해결을 위해서도 많은 노력이 필요

2. RTOS• Timing behavior → coarse and complexity → more uncon-

trollable• Bench testing 필요 : 그러나 포작하기 어려운 미묘한 timing

bugs 가 큰 문제를 일으킬 수 있음

CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee

SolutionTiming 이 고려된 언어들• Ex)spilit-C, Cik, SHIM• Guava language – 멀티플 쓰레드에서

비동기화된 객체를 자바 오브젝트에서 제한시킴• Giotto

그 밖에 다양한 연구들이 실시간 시스템을 위해 연구된 논문이 나와있음

CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee