What do you know about what caused the First World War?

In Class Today:1.Notes: WWI begins2.Video: WWI in Color

Unit VII: Conflict and Cooperation

War began in summer of 1914 Nearly 10 million soldiers killed (20

million wounded) Largest war in history (until WWII) Allies: Britain, France, Russia, U.S.

(1917) Central Powers: Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Ottoman Empire First modern, industrialized war Destroyed many old autocratic regimes

(empires collapsed)

1. Imperialism: land disputes in Africa, Asia led to diplomatic crises

2. Nationalism: patriotic fervor led to popular support for war

3. Militarism: European powers built huge armies and navies

4. Alliances: blocks of allies meant a small regional conflict would engulf all of Europe

Austria-Hungary sought more land in the Balkan region (Serbians felt threatened)

Russia (Slavic heritage) saw itself as protector of Serbia

Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne, assassinated by Serbian terrorists (6/28)

A-H issued ultimatum to Serbia: many demands such as capturing Black Hand

Germany backed A-H, Russia began mobilizing for war

How did imperialism and nationalism help lead Europe into the Great War?

Example:Imperialism meant that Europeans were arguing over land in Africa and

Asia. Nationalism made people believe they should fight to prove

their greatness.

Austria-Hungary: defeat & annex Serbia into its empire; internal unity

Germany: save its status as a great power in Europe; internal unity

France: retake Alsace-Lorraine; honor treaty with Russia

Russia: protect Slavic Serbs; save status as great power; internal unity

Britain: protect neutral Belgium; keep Germany from dominating Europe

Why were there so many more deaths in the First World War than previous wars?

In Class Today:1. Finish Document Analysis

2. Clip: Franz Ferdinand3. Notes: Schlieffen Plan

*Notes and all make-up work due now!

German plan for victory based on precise timing of troop movement, attack

Plan called for Germany to defeat French within 7 weeks, then face Russians in east

Plan was unrealistic and did not account for many factors

Invasion of Belgium brought Britain in Failure of plan meant the war would

drag on without end

German army moved quickly through Belgium and into northern France

French & British troops unable to stop advancing Germans at first

Decisive moment: Battle of the Marne German advance halted 50 miles

from Paris (stalemate begins) French unable to push Germans out

of their country

What was the point of the Schlieffen Plan for the Germans?

What was the Schlieffen Plan meant to accomplish and why did it fail?

In Class Today:1.Reading/Q’s: Causes

2.Writing: Trench Warfare

In two sentences, summarize the hardships of life in the trenches during

WWI.

1. What are the men experiencing and what would it be like to live through it?

2. Why are the men so afraid of breathing in the mustard gas?

3. Why do the new recruits die so much more often than the veterans?

4. Why does Paul scream at Himmelstoss and how does he react?

5. What kind of mental toll do you think this war took on the soldiers?

What would be the worst part of fighting in a trench war to you and

why?

In Class Today:1.Notes: Trench war

2.Film clip: “All Quiet…”*Causes/Trench sheet due today.

After Sept. 1914 neither side able to gain much momentum in war

Trench warfare began (defense holds the advantage)

Generals on both sides insisted on attacking aggressively (huge casualties)

“No Man’s Land”—land between trenches where fighting took place

War more mobile in east; Russians and Austrians suffered terrible casualties

Russia mobilized quickly and invaded German territory

Battle of Tannenberg: two Russian armies completely destroyed by Germans

Germans advanced far into Russia over next two years

Eastern Front: 1915

Why do you think the author (who fought in the war) wrote All Quiet on

the Western Front?

In war, only men are drafted into fighting. The nation of Israel requires all men and women to serve at least two years in the military. Do you think this

rule would be good for the U.S.? Why or why not?

In Class Today:1. WWI Poetry!

2.Article: Christmas Truce3. Clip: Joyeux Noel

1. What is the basic message of “Dolce Et Decorum Est”?

2. What is the writer of “Back” saying about himself?

3. What details lead you to believe the soldiers were ready for a break at Christmas, 1914?

4. Why would the high command of both sides be upset after hearing about the truce?

5. Why did neither side fire a shot the next day even though the truce expired at midnight?

6. Summarize this event in approximately 35 words.

Why do you think a similar truce never took place again after 1914?

What things tend to change during war inside the countries that are fighting?

In Class Today:1.Notes: War of Attrition

2.Crash Course3.Wkst: The Somme

At first, mass enthusiasm for the war among nearly all classes

Supplies of munitions ran low quickly; central govt. planning began

German society dominated by war; military had control (forced labor)

Food rations: people had less and less as war dragged on

War created full employment; women left home to work in industry & as nurses

Strain of war effort led to social upheaval by 1916 (strikes, demonstrations)

Anti-government sentiment grew in places such as Austria, Russia

No major breakthroughs for either side during 1915, 1916

Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916): British/French offensive

-Nearly 20,000 British killed on day 1-Around 1 million total casualties -Result: Allies gained 6-7 miles

Battle of Verdun (Feb-Dec 1916): German offensive to capture city of Verdun

-Similar results to the Somme-Attrition: “bleed the French white”

Describe why the Battle of the Somme should be seen as a tragedy.

How did battles like Verdun and the Somme show how pointless and

wasteful the Great War was?

In Class Today:1.New weapons assignment

2.Crash Course

Choose five weapons from the list on the next screen that were used for the first time during World War I

For each of the five, look up information about them and write a paragraph that explains the following:-How were they used in this war?-How effective were they and why?

Machine guns Heavy long-range artillery Submarines Poison gas (Mustard) Flamethrowers Tanks Airplanes

How did new modern weapons help to make World War I the deadliest war in

history at that time?

1. Choose five words that you would use to describe this battle. Explain why you would use each word.

2. Why did the British suffer so many casualties on the first day?

3. Why did General Haig receive a lot of criticism for his handling of this battle?

How can propaganda help a nation to win a war?

In Class Today:1.Propaganda activity

2.Article: U.S. enters war

Propaganda: posters, fliers, articles, etc. used to sway public opinion, emotions

Used widely by both sides to recruit men into military, women into jobs

Also used to paint enemy as evil, ruthless, less than human

Governments strictly controlled message

Read through the eyewitness account on your own

Work with the person next to you (or behind if necessary) to craft a fifty word summary that completely explains the main idea of the reading

The summary must be EXACTLY 50 words in length

What difference do you think it will make having the U.S. join the war

against Germany?

What do you already know about the Russian Revolution?

In Class Today:1.Notes: Russian Revolution

2.Video: Rasputin3.Reading: Lenin

Russian troops lacked adequate supplies and leadership

Controversy surrounded Tsar, his wife, and Rasputin

Huge casualty rates; food shortages led to rioting in cities (St. Petersburg)

March 1917: Duma formed a provisional govt.; tsar Nicholas abdicated throne

Vladimir Lenin: socialist revolutionary exiled from Russia by tsar

Germans smuggled Lenin back in to Russia in April 1917

Bolsheviks: communists under leadership of Lenin

Bolsheviks seized power from provisional govt. in late 1917

Bolsheviks legalized peasant seizure of land

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: ended war with Germany (huge land loss)

Their destruction of democracy in Russia led to civil war from 1918-1921

Bolshevik “Red” Communist army vs. “White” armies seeking democracy

Allies supported White army; Red army won (led to creation of Soviet Union)

Current events day.

In Class Today:1. Reading: Lenin

For each segment of the article, write a paragraph summarizing the main points

Write a paragraph explaining why Lenin is considered to be such a crucial figure in European history.

Discuss one reason why the U.S. got involved in the First World War.

In Class Today:1.Clips: Shell shock

2.Notes: Wilson’s plan

Germans used unrestricted submarine warfare (to break British blockade)

Sinking of Lusitania (1915), Zimmerman note led to U.S. joining war (April 1917)

President Wilson wanted U.S. to play major role in post-war negotiations

Fresh U.S. troops energized Allied war effort; turned tide of war

Jan. 1918: Wilson announced his plan for restoring peace in Europe

Plan called for open trade, restoration of lands, new League of Nations

Germans embraced Wilson’s ideas; Allied leaders skeptical

Wilson seen as too idealistic (Allies sought revenge)

What was Wilson’s most important goal for the peace negotiations and

why?

Why do you think the U.S. Senate rejected the idea of our being involved

in the new League of Nations?

In Class Today:1. Doc. Analysis: Treaty of Versailles

Now that you have seen the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, how do you think a man such as Adolf Hitler will

become popular and powerful in Germany?

Why did the German people accuse their own leaders of betraying them after they heard about the terms of

the Treaty of Versailles?

In Class Today:1. Notes: WWI Ends

2.Doc. Analysis: Treaty’s effects3. Clip: WWI in Color

Germans attempted one last offensive in spring 1918 (desperation)

Effort failed; U.S. forces helped Allies break stalemate, push Germans back

Nov. 1918: German govt. collapsed; Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated

Socialist leaders declared Germany a new republic

Nov. 11: armistice ends Great War

Allied leaders met in Paris in 1919 to discuss peace agreement

French & British sought to cripple German army; collect reparations

Germans, Russians barred from negotiations

Wilson’s ideas mostly rejected as too lenient

German people left feeling bitter and angry

Do you think the Treaty of Versailles was a fair result for Germany? Why or

why not?

“We must call to account the November criminals of 1918. It cannot be that two million Germans should have fallen in

vain. No, we do not pardon, we demand vengeance!”

Who do you think said this quote and why?

In Class Today:1. Storyboard (Review of WWI)

Adolf Hitler (Munich speech, 1922)

Write the topics under each box Draw a picture or symbol that

appropriately represents the event On the back, write a two sentence

explanation of the event-Why happened?-Why was it important?

Topic: Christmas Truce of 1914

Answer: German and French soldiers stopped fighting and celebrated Christmas together. This showed that they were growing tired of the war and it made them realize they have a lot in common with each other.

1. Franz Ferdinand Assassination2. Schlieffen Plan3. Trench warfare (life in the trenches)4. Battles of the Somme and Verdun5. U.S. enters the war6. Treaty of Versailles

1. Summarize what happened to Austria-Hungary as a result of WWI.

2. What did Germany expect from the peace negotiations and why were they disappointed?

3. Explain the various ways in which Germany was punished by the treaty.

4. What was the “stab in the back” theory and how did it influence Germans?

Current events day.Submit openers today.

In Class Today:1.Test overview

2.Clips: Shell shock3.WWI Poetry

Terms:1.Schlieffen Plan2.Battle of the Marne3.Verdun and the Somme4.Bolsheviks5.Rasputin

Essay Topics:1.Causes of WWI2.Trench warfare (conditions)3.American intervention4.Social impact (homefront)5.Treaty of Versailles

What do we know happened to Germany after WWI?

In Class Today:1.Intro partner project

2.Begin working

Desert island challenge: you get one person, one book, and one kind of

food. What/who do you choose and why?

In Class Today:1.Continue work on project

*Presentations Friday

Summarize some of the main ideas from the topic you are presenting.

In Class Today:1.Last day of work time

*Presentations tomorrow

1. Uncertainty in Modern Thought2. Nietzsche3. Freud4. Modern Art & Music/Radio & Movies5. The Search for Peace & Political

Stability6. The Great Depression (overview)7. The Depression in Germany

Current events day.

In Class Today:1. Presentations!

Summarize some of the information that you took from the presentations

we heard on Friday.

In Class Today:1. Continue presentations

What were some of the major factors that made life in Germany miserable

during the post-WWI years?

In Class Today:1.Finish presentations

2.Intro Ivan Denisovich book