what do you think… …he was? …he wore? …he ate? where did he live? how did he die? how old...
TRANSCRIPT
What do you think……he was?
…he wore?…he ate?
Where did he live?How did he die?How old was he when he died?
He was probably a hunter.
He could have been a warrior
He might have lived in a tent
He could have been 50 years old
1. What was he? (could)2. What was he doing in the mountain?
(might)3. Where did he live? (must)4. How did he die? (may)5. What did he eat? (must)6. How old was he when he died? (could)
1. He could have been a hunter/shepherd.
2. He might have looked after his sheep.3. He must have lived in a cave.4. He may have died in cold and
starvation.5. He must have eaten a lot of meat and
berries.6. He could have been between forty and
forty-five.
Auxiliary verb + have + past participle
Must have lived
Might have been
May have died Could have seen
‘Had to’: the past form of ‘must’ (didn’t have to)
‘Must have’: refers to past certaintye.g. 1.Sorry I’m late. I had to post some
letters.2.He must have lived in a cave.
‘Should’ and ‘ought to’ is probably the same
‘Should have’ refers to sth which was supposed to happen.
e.g.1.The parcel I sent you should have
arrived by now.2.You shouldn’t have eaten so much last
night.
‘could have’: past possibility or uncertaintye.g. 1. David could have won the race if he had tried. (possibility) 2. It could have been Sue, I suppose.
(uncertainty) ‘couldn’t have’: used with comparative
adjectivese.g. We couldn’t been happier in those days.
‘might have’: past possibility (not happen)
e.g. You might have drowned! ‘might have’/ ‘may have’: uncertaintye.g. I suppose I may have been rather
critical. They might not have received our
letter yet.
Refer to the speaker’s certainty a/b a past action.
e.g. Someone must have taken it. (I’m sure they did)
You can’t have lost it. (I’m sure you didn’t)
Used with surely in exclamationse.g. Surely you can’t have eaten all of it. Surely you must have noticed it.
Refers to events in the past which did not actually happen.
e.g. I would have accepted the job, but I didn’t want to move house.
Assumptions a/b the paste.g. Someone called after you left but
didn’t leave a message.
‘needn’t have’: an unnecessary action which was actually done.
e.g. You needn’t have paid all at once. (You did pay)
‘didn’t need to’: an unnecessary which was not done.
e.g. I didn’t need to go to the dentist again, luckily.
They’ll haveThey must have
arrived
Certain
They might haveThey could haveThey may have
Possible
They can’t haveThey won’t have
Certain
You must have seen him at the cinema. I know he was there.
The dog is really dirty. He might have swum in the lake.
He can’t have been telling the truth.
He might have left a message on your mobile.
I don’t know where she is. She may have gone shopping.
She must have been very upset when you told her the news.
They’re not answering their phone. They must have gone away already.
I don’t see their car. They can’t have come back yet.