what does psallo mean? - thebible.netthebible.net/jody/classes/htsb/3-themeaningofpsallo.pdf · (1)...

What Does Psallo Mean?A Study of Ephesians 5:19 & “Making Melody”

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Socrates: You see, then, that there is a risk in your approaching the God in prayer, lest haply he should refuse your sacrifice when he hears the blasphemy which you utter, and make you partake of other evils as well. The wisest plan, therefore, seems to me that you should keep silence; for your ‘highmindedness’--to use the mildest term which men apply to folly--will most likely prevent you from using the prayer of the Lacedaemonians. You had better wait until we find out how we should behave towards the Gods and towards men.

(Alcibiades II, translated by Benjamin Jowett, Gutenberg.org etext #1677)

And the “gods” say ... ?

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How do you know what the “gods” want ...

• if they have not spoken• and you presume to act without knowing their will?

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How do you know what the true God wants ...

• if he has not spoken• and you presume to act without knowing his will?

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"When you come to appear before Me, Who has required this from your hand, To trample My courts?"

Isaiah 1:12

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"With what shall I come before the LORD, And bow myself before the High God? Shall I come before Him

with burnt offerings, With calves a year old?"

Micah 6:6

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"Walk prudently when you go to the house of God; and draw near to hear rather than to give the sacrifice of

fools, for they do not know that they do evil."

Ecclesiastes 5:1

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"He has shown you, O man, what is good; And what does the LORD require of you But to do justly, To love

mercy, And to walk humbly with your God?"

Micah 6:8

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"No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day. It

is written in the prophets, ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Therefore everyone who has

heard and learned from the Father comes to Me."

John 6:44-45

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"And also if anyone competes in athletics, he is not crowned unless he competes

according to the rules."

2 Timothy 2:5

According To The Rules

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An Example

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How To Solve Sudoku

A sudoku puzzle consists of a 9 x 9-square grid subdivided into nine 3 x 3 boxes. Some of the squares contain numbers. The object is to fill in the remaining squares so that every row, every column, and every 3 x 3 box contains each of the numbers from 1 to 9 exactly once.

An Example

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Solving a sudoku puzzle involves pure logic, No guesswork is needed—or even desirable. Getting started involves mastering just a few simple techniques.

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An Example

Take the example on the next slide (in which we've labeled the nine 3 x 3 boxes A to I as shown). Note that the boxes H and I already have 8's filled in, but box G does not. Can you determine where the 8 goes here?

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An Example

The 8 can't appear in the top row of squares in box G, because an 8 already appears in the top row of I—and no number can be repeated in a row. Similarly, it can't appear in the middle row of G, because an 8 already appears in the middle row of H. So, by the process of elimination, an 8 must appear in the bottom row of G. Since only one square in this row is empty—next to the 3 and 6—you have your first answer. Fill in an 8 to the right of the 6.

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An Example

8

xxx x

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Sudoku - Summary

1. 81 squares/9 x 9 grid2. 9 3 x 3 boxes3. Numbers 1-9, once in each row4. Numbers 1-9, once in each column5. Numbers 1-9, once in each box6. Determined by logic, not guesswork

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An Example

(1) me methuskesthe (literally “not be you drunk”)

• present passive imperative verb• second person plural• present tense means occurring in real, or actual, time• passive verb - the subject is acted upon, receives the action. • imperative expresses command• second person plural means “all of you.”

(2) plerousthe (literally “be you filled”)• also a present passive imperative verb, second person

plural.

Ephesians 5:18ff

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Ephesians 5:18ff

(1) lalountes (“speaking,” vs. 19)(2) adontes (“singing,” vs. 19)(3) psallontes (“making melody,” vs. 19)(4) eucharistountes (“giving thanks,” vs. 20),(5) hupotassomenoi (“submitting yourselves,” vs. 21)

#’s 1-4 - present active participle (imperative sense), nominative, masculine, second person plural#5 - a present passive participle (imperative sense), nominative, masculine, second person plural

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The Three Key TermsThe Three Key TermsThe Three Key Terms

Term Translated Contested

lalew laleo speak

addressing (rsv)as you sing (nrsv)

No

adw ado sing/singing No

qallw psallomake melody

make music (niv)offer praise (wey)

singing praises (web)

Yes

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NT Use of Psallo

Ro 15:9 and that the Gentiles might glorify God for His mercy, as it is written: "For this reason I will confess to You among the Gentiles, And sing to Your name."

1Co 14:15 What is the conclusion then? I will pray with the spirit, and I will also pray with the understanding. I will sing with the spirit, and I will also sing with the understanding.

Eph 5:19 speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord,

Jas 5:13 Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing psalms.

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What Does Psallo Mean?

1. Play2. Play and Sing3. Play or Sing4. Sing

Example #3

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Possible Meanings of PsallontesPossible Meanings of PsallontesPossible Meanings of Psallontes

Options Consequences True/False

Play

Play and Sing

Play or Sing

Sing

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Play Demands that everyone plays

Play and Sing

Play or Sing

Sing

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Play demands ...

• Applies to all (plural) under consideration• Compulsory for all under consideration

• Everyone plays some musical instrument• Everyone must play some musical instrument• No one sings• No one is allowed to sing

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Play demands ...

• Inconsistency with the meaning of “laleo”/speaking• Inconsistency with the meaning of “ado”/singing

• If it means “play only” you can not speak (laleo)• If it means “play only” you can not sing (ado)

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Play Demands that everyone plays FALSE

Play and Sing

Play or Sing

Sing

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Play and SingDemands that

everyone sings and plays

Sing or Play

Sing

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• Everyone plays an instrument and sings• Everyone must play an instrument and sing• No one plays only• No one sings only• No one is allowed to play only• No one is allowed to sing only

Play and Sing demands ...

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• Inconsistency with the meaning of “laleo”/speaking• Inconsistency with the meaning of “ado”/singing

• If it means “play and sing” the term laleo means ?• If it means “play and sing” the term ado means ?• “Play and sing” makes a law God did not make

Play and Sing demands ...

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FALSE

Sing or Play

Sing

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FALSE

Play or SingAllows everyone the choice of singing

or playing

Sing

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• Everyone plays an instrument or sings• Everyone must play an instrument or sing• Some play only• Some sing only• Choice of play/sing is allowed

Play or Sing demands ...

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Play or Sing demands ...

• Inconsistency with the meaning of “laleo”/speaking• Inconsistency with the meaning of “ado”/singing• Inconsistency with reciprocal/reflexive pronouns• If it means “play or sing” those who play do not have

to speak/laleo, but laleo is imperative• If it means “play or sing” those who play do not have

to ado/sing, but ado is imperative• “Play or sing” allows choice of two distinct actions• “Play or sing” allows a choice God did not give

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FALSE


or playingFALSE

Sing

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FALSE


or playingFALSE

Sing Demands that everyone sings

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• Everyone sings/makes melody• Everyone must sing/make melody• None play only• All sing only• None play and sing• Choice of play/sing is not allowed

Sing demands ...

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• Consistency with the meaning of “laleo”/speaking• Consistency with the meaning of “ado”/singing• Consistency of meaning across new testament

• Emphasizes the heart as instrument• Focuses on the spiritual component of worship

Sing demands ...

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FALSE


or playingFALSE

Sing Demands that everyone sings TRUE

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• Adam and Eve ate of “some” tree?• Cain sacrificed correctly/spiritually?• Saul slaughtered all but .5% of the flocks?• Noah built the ark to such exacting detail?• Moses/Israel built the tabernacle just as he said?• Nadab/Abihu got fire from a different place?• or not we baptize by sprinkling, pouring, immersion?• worship with or without instruments?

Does God care whether ...

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what does psallo mean? - thebible.netthebible.net/jody/classes/htsb/3-themeaningofpsallo.pdf · (1)...

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