What does this picture mean to you?What does this picture mean to you?

Warm-upWarm-up

So just So just howhow does does evolution work?evolution work?

Living things have evolved throughout history. Living things have evolved throughout history.

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin• A scientist from the 1800s.A scientist from the 1800s.• Sailed to the Galapagos Islands, just Sailed to the Galapagos Islands, just

off the coast of South America.off the coast of South America.• Collected many fossils of different organisms Collected many fossils of different organisms

and recorded all of his observations.and recorded all of his observations.• Studied 13 species of Finch, a type of bird.Studied 13 species of Finch, a type of bird.• Discovered that each species of Finch had a Discovered that each species of Finch had a

beak that was adapted to the kind of food beak that was adapted to the kind of food that it ate.that it ate.

• Used all his observations to create a theory Used all his observations to create a theory that explains how evolution works!that explains how evolution works!

The Theory ofThe Theory ofNatural SelectionNatural Selection

Let’s see who lives on Let’s see who lives on and reproduces, and reproduces,

who dies off without who dies off without any offspring, any offspring,

and why!!!and why!!!

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1• Neck length = Neck length = 10 feet 10 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = some spots some spots• Body color Body color = = dark brownish orange dark brownish orange• Speed Speed = = slow slow• Food intake = Food intake = 15 pounds per day 15 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 40 – 120 40 – 120 °F°F• Resistance = lowResistance = low

Giraffe #2Giraffe #2• Neck length = Neck length = 15 feet 15 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = highly spotted highly spotted• Body color Body color = = light brown light brown• Speed Speed = = fast fast• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = poor poor• Fur type Fur type = = 75 – 130 75 – 130 °F°F• Resistance = highResistance = high

Giraffe #3Giraffe #3• Neck length = Neck length = 8 feet 8 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = no spots no spots• Body color Body color = = light orange light orange• Speed Speed = = slow slow• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 60 – 120 60 – 120 °F°F• Resistance = lowResistance = low

Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

• Neck length = Neck length = 12 feet 12 feet• Camouflage = Camouflage = highly spotted highly spotted• Body color Body color = = light yellowish brown light yellowish brown• Speed Speed = = fast fast• Food intake = Food intake = 5 pounds per day 5 pounds per day• Eyesight Eyesight = = excellent excellent• Fur type Fur type = = 20 – 80 20 – 80 °F°F• Resistance = highResistance = high

Giraffe #1

• Neck length = 10 feet• Camouflage = some spots• Body color = dark brownish

orange• Speed = slow• Food intake = 15 pounds per day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 40 – 120 °F• Resistance = low

Giraffe #2

• Neck length = 15 feet• Camouflage = highly spotted• Body color = light brown• Speed = fast• Food intake = 5 pounds per day• Eyesight = poor• Fur type = 75 – 130 °F• Resistance = high

Giraffe #3

• Neck length = 8 feet• Camouflage = no spots• Body color = light orange• Speed = slow• Food intake = 5 pounds per

day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 60 – 120 °F• Resistance = low

Giraffe #4

• Neck length = 12 feet• Camouflage = highly spotted• Body color = light yellowish brown• Speed = fast• Food intake = 5 pounds per day• Eyesight = excellent• Fur type = 20 – 80 °F• Resistance = high

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

Equal populationsEqual populations

Environmental Condition #1Environmental Condition #180% of tree leaves found at 10 feet or 80% of tree leaves found at 10 feet or

higher. Condition lasts 100 years. higher. Condition lasts 100 years.

Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #1 = 4 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 4 offspring every 10 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Neck length Neck length

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

100 Years100 Years

4040

5050

2020

5050

Environmental Condition #2Environmental Condition #2Widespread bacterial infection. Widespread bacterial infection.

Condition lasts 200 years. Condition lasts 200 years.

Giraffe #2 = population stays the sameGiraffe #2 = population stays the same

Giraffe #3 = population cut in halfGiraffe #3 = population cut in half

Giraffe #4 = population stays the sameGiraffe #4 = population stays the same

Giraffe #1 = population cut in halfGiraffe #1 = population cut in half

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Resistance Resistance

A rat flea engorged with blood A rat flea engorged with blood ……the primary vector of plague.the primary vector of plague.

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

300 Years300 Years

2020

5050

1010

5050

Environmental Condition #3Environmental Condition #3Tree and grass shortage due to drought. Tree and grass shortage due to drought.

Condition lasts 100 years. Condition lasts 100 years.

Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 10 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Food intake Food intake

The Sahara DesertThe Sahara Desert

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

400 Years400 Years

3030

100100

6060

100100

Environmental Condition #4Environmental Condition #4Abnormal increase in lion and hyena Abnormal increase in lion and hyena

populations. Condition lasts 100 years. populations. Condition lasts 100 years.

Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 10 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Camouflage Camouflage

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

500 Years500 Years

5050

150150

7070

150150

Environmental Condition #5Environmental Condition #5Minor glaciation. Minor glaciation.

Condition lasts 1,000 years. Condition lasts 1,000 years.

Giraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 100 years

Giraffe #3 = 3 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #3 = 3 offspring every 100 years

Giraffe #4 = 10 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #4 = 10 offspring every 100 years

Giraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 100 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Fur Type Fur Type

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

1,500 Years1,500 Years

100100

160160

100100

250250

Environmental Condition #6Environmental Condition #6Minor volcanism. Minor volcanism.

Condition lasts 500 years. Condition lasts 500 years.

Giraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #2 = 1 offspring every 50 years

Giraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #3 = 5 offspring every 50 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 50 years

Giraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 50 yearsGiraffe #1 = 5 offspring every 50 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Eyesight Eyesight

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

2,000 Years2,000 Years

150150 170170150150

300300

Environmental Condition #7Environmental Condition #790% of tree leaves found at 12 feet or 90% of tree leaves found at 12 feet or

higher. Condition lasts 100 years. higher. Condition lasts 100 years.

Giraffe #2 = 10 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #2 = 10 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 10 years

Giraffe #1 = 3 offspring every 10 yearsGiraffe #1 = 3 offspring every 10 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Neck length Neck length

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

2,100 Years2,100 Years

180180

270270

160160

350350

Environmental Condition #8Environmental Condition #8Widespread infection. Widespread infection.

Condition lasts 100 years. Condition lasts 100 years.

Giraffe #2 = population stays the sameGiraffe #2 = population stays the same

Giraffe #3 = population cut in halfGiraffe #3 = population cut in half

Giraffe #4 = population stays the sameGiraffe #4 = population stays the same

Giraffe #1 = population cut in halfGiraffe #1 = population cut in half

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Resistance Resistance

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

2,200 Years2,200 Years

9090

270270

80 80

350350

Environmental Condition #9Environmental Condition #9Abnormal increase in mutated giraffe-eating Abnormal increase in mutated giraffe-eating cheetah population. Condition lasts 300 years.cheetah population. Condition lasts 300 years.

Giraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #2 = 5 offspring every 30 years

Giraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #3 = 1 offspring every 30 years

Giraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #4 = 5 offspring every 30 years

Giraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 30 yearsGiraffe #1 = 1 offspring every 30 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Speed Speed

Giraffe Killers!!!Giraffe Killers!!!

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

2,500 Years2,500 Years

100100

320320

9090

400400

Environmental Condition #10Environmental Condition #10Catastrophic global warming. Average daily Catastrophic global warming. Average daily temperature is 120 temperature is 120 °F.°F. Condition lasts 1,000 Condition lasts 1,000

years.years.

Giraffe #2 = 8 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #2 = 8 offspring every 100 years

Giraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #3 = 2 offspring every 100 years

Giraffe #4 = population cut in half 3 times Giraffe #4 = population cut in half 3 times

Giraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 100 yearsGiraffe #1 = 2 offspring every 100 years

*Multiply offspring by ten**Multiply offspring by ten*

Critical Adaptation Critical Adaptation Fur type Fur type

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

3,500 Years3,500 Years

120120

400400

1101105050

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

Equal populations to startEqual populations to start

Giraffe #1Giraffe #1 Giraffe #2Giraffe #2 Giraffe #3Giraffe #3 Giraffe #4Giraffe #4

Change over Time = EvolutionChange over Time = Evolution

120120

400400

1101105050

Giraffe 1

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09

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Jul-0

9

Giraffe 2

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9

Giraffe 3

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20

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Apr

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Jul-0

3

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Jul-0

4

Oct

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Jan-

05

Apr

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Jul-0

5

Oct

-05

Jan-

06

Apr

-06

Jul-0

6

Oct

-06

Jan-

07

Apr

-07

Jul-0

7

Oct

-07

Jan-

08

Apr

-08

Jul-0

8

Oct

-08

Jan-

09

Apr

-09

Jul-0

9

Giraffe 4

0

50

100

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250

300

350

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450

Apr

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Jul-0

0

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Jan-

01

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-01

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Jan-

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Apr

-02

Jul-0

2

Oct

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Jul-0

3

Oct

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Jan-

04

Apr

-04

Jul-0

4

Oct

-04

Jan-

05

Apr

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Jul-0

5

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06

Apr

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Jul-0

6

Oct

-06

Jan-

07

Apr

-07

Jul-0

7

Oct

-07

Jan-

08

Apr

-08

Jul-0

8

Oct

-08

Jan-

09

Apr

-09

Jul-0

9

All Giraffes

0

50

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Apr

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Jul-0

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Jan-

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Apr

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Jul-0

1

Oct

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Jan-

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Jul-0

2

Oct

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Jan-

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Apr

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Jul-0

3

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Jul-0

4

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Jul-0

5

Oct

-05

Jan-

06

Apr

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Jul-0

6

Oct

-06

Jan-

07

Apr

-07

Jul-0

7

Oct

-07

Jan-

08

Apr

-08

Jul-0

8

Oct

-08

Jan-

09

Apr

-09

Jul-0

9