8-4: Life With Carbon

What four classes of organic compounds are required by living things, and how are they used in

the body?

Anticipatory Set

COMPARE & CONTRAST

All are foods & have carbon polymers. Taste, texture, chemical makeup.

California StandardsScience Standard 8.6.b: Students know that

living organisms are made of molecules consisting largely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur.

Science Standard 8.6.c: Students know that living organisms have many different kinds of molecules, including small ones, such as water and salt, and very large ones, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA.

Inputcarbohydrate: an energy-rich organic compound

made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

glucose: a simple carbohydrate; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates.

complex carbohydrate: a long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrate.

starch: a complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy.

Inputcellulose: a complex carbohydrate found in plant

structures.lipid: an energy-rich organic compound made of

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.fatty acid: an organic compound that is a

monomer of a fat or oil.cholesterol: a waxy lipid in animal cells.

Inputnucleic acid: a very large organic compound made

up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; examples are DNA & RNA.

DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, one type of nucleic acid.

RNA: Ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic.nucleotide: an organic compound that is one of

the monomers of nucleic acids.

Input & ModelingLife With Carbons

The four classes of organic compounds required by living things are…

carbohydratesproteinslipidsnucleic acids

Input & ModelingLife With Carbon

Carbohydrates:The body breaks down starch into

glucose, which is used by the body as energy to carry out its life functions.

Input & ModelingLife With Carbon

Proteins:The body uses proteins from food to

build and repair body parts and to regulate cell activities

Input & ModelingLife With Carbon

Lipids:Gram for gram, lipids release twice as

much energy in your body as do carbohydrates.

Input & ModelingLife With Carbon

Nucleic Acids:There are two types of nucleic acids,

DNA & RNA.

Input & ModelingOther Nutrients

Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, and salts to support the functioning of large molecules.Water makes up about 90% of the liquid

part of blood. Nutrients are dissolved in the watery part of blood and carried throughout the body.

Input & ModelingOther Nutrients

Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, and salts to support the functioning of large molecules.Vitamins serve as helper molecules in a

variety of chemical reactions in the body.Minerals are elements in the form of

ions needed by the body.

Input & ModelingOther Nutrients

Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals, and salts to support the functioning of large molecules.Salts are ionic compounds that help the

body in such processes as muscle contraction, bone growth, and pH balance.

Input & ModelingThe Molecules of Life

Complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all large organic molecules. They are built of smaller molecules linked in different patterns.

HOMEWORK CONNECTION Complete the Section 8-4 Review & Reinforce

Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes.

Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.