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What happens to substances when they change states of mater?

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o What happens to a puddle of water on a sunny day? o What happens to ice on a warm day? o What happens to a pond in very cold temperatures?

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Science Standard 8.3.d: Students know the states of mater depend on molecular motion. Science Standard 8.5.d: Students know physical processes include freezing and boiling, in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction.

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melting: change in state from solid to liquid. melting point: a characteristic temperature where melting occurs. freezing: change from a liquid to a solid. vaporization: change from a liquid to a gas. evaporation: vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid.

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boiling: occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below and at the surface. boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid boils. condensation: the change in state from a gas to a liquid. sublimation: occurs when the surface particles of solid gain enough energy that they form a gas.

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Melting Solid to Liquid When a substance melts, the particles in the solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions (increase). A change from solid to liquid involves a gain in thermal energy. Lets act like a solid!

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Freezing Liquid to Solid When a substance freezes, the particles in the liquid move so slowly that they begin to take on fixed positions (decrease). The change from liquid to solid involves a loss in thermal energy. Lets act like a solid!

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Vaporization Liquid to Gas Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid is called evaporation.

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Boiling Liquid to Gas The boiling point of a substance depends on the pressure of the air above it. The lower the pressure, the less energy needed for the particles of the liquid to escape into the air. Boiling point is a characteristic property of a substance.

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Condensation Gas to Liquid During condensation, the particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. Condensation is the reverse of vaporization. Clouds in the atmosphere form due to condensation.

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Sublimation Solid to Gas Dry ice, or solid carbon dioxide, is an example of compound that does not turn to liquid at normal atmospheric pressures.

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A beaker of ice at 10C was slowly heated to 110C. The graph shows how the temperature of the water changed over time.

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Temperature (C) on the y- axis, time (minutes) on the x-axis Reading Graphs: What two variables are plotted on the graph?

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The temperature is rising from 0C to 100C. Reading Graphs: What is happening to the temperature of the water during segment C of the graph?

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Segment B: melting point of ice; segment D: boiling point of water Interpreting Data: What does the temperature value for segment B represent? For segment D?

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Change from solid to liquid; change from liquid to gas Drawing Conclusions: What change of state is occurring during segment B of the graph? During segment D?

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Draw a picture of melting. Draw a picture of freezing. Draw a picture of sublimation.

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Answer #1, 2, 6 Finish the worksheet.

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HOMEWORK EXTENSION Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes. Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.