what hath god wrought? in the mid 1800’s millions came from europe in hope of a better life
TRANSCRIPT
Antebellum Reform
In the mid 1800’s millions came from Europe in hope of a better life.
Some lived in cities…
Others migrated west…
Immigration: Why did they leave ?
• PUSH FACTORS• Population growth
(overcrowding)
• Crop failures
• Religious and political turmoil
Immigration: Why did they come?
• PULL FACTORS• Freedom of religion
and speech
• Economic opportunity
• Abundant land
Nineteenth century artists, writers and poets laid the foundation for American arts and literature
The American Way of Life:Literature and Art
• Hudson River School
• Influenced by a style of European art called romanticism – American artists began to focus on peaceful landscapes of forests, mountains and rivers.
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Every person could be “saved” through revivals.
The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements
EvangelicalIt is a religious movement that de-emphasizes ritual and emphasizes the importance of the
individual, requiring him or her to meet certain active commitments, including:
1. The need for personal conversion (or being "born again”)2. A high regard for biblical authority3. An emphasis on teachings that proclaim the saving death and resurrection of the Son of God, Jesus Christ4. Living according to a literal interpretation of the Bible
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints)
Joseph Smith (1805-1844)
1823 Golden Tablets
1830 Book of Mormon
1844 Murdered in Carthage, IL
Violence Against MormonsViolence Against Mormons
The Mormon “Trek”The Mormon “Trek”
The Transcendentalists
Transcend:to rise above…
society’s problems
The Transcendentalist AgendaThe Transcendentalist Agenda abolish slavery
provide well-being to the poor and the miserable.
education for all
improve quality of health care
anti-war
Following One’s Conscience
TRANSCENDENTALISM
A philosophy that taught that the spiritual world was more important than the physical one.
Thoreau taught about the importance of individual conscience, he urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust…
Civil Disobedience
• Can you think of any individuals who practiced civil disobedience to fight injustice?
Thoreau was not wrong…
There would be many problems in this newly industrialized and ever growing country…several reform movements worked to improve American education and society
reform movement: a group of people organized to improve what is bad or corrupt
What are today’s reform movements? Who are today’s reformers?
Today’s issues
What problems existed in the 1800’s?
American Society
Women’s Rights
Alcohol Abuse
Care ofthe
Mentally illEducation
Slavery
Who were the reformers?
What did they accomplish?The Temperance Movement
What is today’s temperance movement?
A campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Education Reform
A woman’s place…
You owe a debt of gratitude to these two:
Care for the mentally ill
What do these two have in common?
Utopian Societies
Attempts to create communities free from social problems
Principles:
Gender equality
Education for all
Communal living
Healthy lifestyle
Transcendentalism and/or Religion
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
Brook FarmWest Roxbury, MA
George Ripley (1802-1880)
George Ripley (1802-1880)
The Abolitionists
• …none so famous as the one Lincoln referred to as the “little lady who started this whole mess…”
Others in the movement…
Frederic Douglass
Amelia Bloomer
Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
The Grimke Sisters
Sojourner Truth
Lucretia Mott
What do you notice about this group?
WHAT IF... 1. You could be beaten, severely, without any legal recourse. 2. You could not own property. 3. You had no right to your own inheritance. 4. You had no legal right to your children in the case of divorce 5. You could not own the copyright to your printed work 6. You could not get an education or choose a career. 7. If you did work, you could not keep your pay.
Ain’t I a Woman?
First things first…
The Birth of the Women’s Rights Movement
Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Now it’s your turn
