what is a mineral? a mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is inorganic and has a unique...
TRANSCRIPT
What is a Mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is inorganic and has a unique chemical and crystalline structure.
Inorganic = Not living
What do all minerals have in common.
• 1. Natural• 2. not living• 3. Unique, crystalline and
chemical Structure• Create a cheat sheet for test
Minerals in the earths crust
• 1800 50• Quartz silicate
Pg. 26 Skip a line between mineral names.
• 1. Halite-• 2. Calcite-• 3. Magnetite-• 4. Lodestone-• 5. Sulfur-• 6. Mica-• 7. Pyrolusite-• 8. Bentonite-
• 9. Feldspar-• 10. Fluorite-• 11. Graphite• 12. Bauxite-• 13. Quartz-• 14. Hematite-• 15. Barite-
Making observations:
• Color• Shiny, not shiny• Smooth or rough• Smell
pg 26
As you walk around the stations, write down observations about the mineral samples. You will have 30 seconds at each station.Observations:
What characteristics do all minerals have in common?
Ch. 5 Minerals of the Earth’s Crust
Warm up Question
• What is thought to cause gravity?• A. The moon and earths relationship• B. Iron ore on the surface.• C. Convection currents in the upper mantle.• The rotation of the earth around the sun.
What is a Mineral?
• Natural, usually inorganic solid substance with a crystal structure.– Inorganic=nonliving
Pyromorphite
What do all minerals have in common?
All:1. Are formed by natural processes.2. Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive
and not made by living things.3. Are solids with a definite volume and
shape.
4. Are elements or compounds with a unique chemical makeup
5. Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called a CRYSTAL)
Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
• There are more than 3000 different types of minerals, but only 20 are common.
• Quartz(SiO2)is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust.
Warm up
• A Biotic factor that might be studied in an ecosystem is the
A. Size of soil particles.B. Percent of soil moisture.C. Rate of algae growth.D. pH of lake water.
Groups of Minerals
• Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.
Amethyst
Beryl (Emerald) Calcite
Mineral Group
Characteristics Examples
1. Silicates
Contain Oxygen & SilicaThe most abundant group of minerals Make up 95% of the Earth’s crust
Quartz (SiO2, mica)
MICAQuartz
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
2. Non-Silicates
Do not contain compounds of Silica and OxygenMake up only 5% of the Earth’s crustInclude some of the most important minerals
6 different groups based on the main elements they contain.
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
A. Carbonates Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium
Calcite (CaCO3)
Calcite with Duftite inclusions
Mineral Group
Characteristics Examples
B. Halides Chlorine or Flourine combined with Sodium or Potassium.
Halite(NaCl) Flourite(CaF2
)
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
C. Oxides Metallic ion and Oxygen
Hematite (Fe2)O3
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
D. Sulfides Sulfur and a metallic ion
Galena (PbS)
Galena
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
E. Sulfates Metallic ion, Sulfur & Oxygen
Barite (BaSO4)
Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3
BariteBaSo4
Mineral Group Characteristics Examples
F. Native Elements
Single elements
Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)
What is a gem? A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will
add value
Thru 2
1. Mineral2. Silicate mineral3. Nonsilicate mineral4. Crystal5. Mineralogist
6. Streak7. Luster8. Cleavage9. Fracture10. Moh’s Hardness Scale
OutA pearl forms when a particle of dirt gets trapped in the soft tissue of an oyster. To protect itself from the irritating particle, the oyster secretes a protective layer of a white material called nacre to cover the particle. This nacre covered particle is what we harvest as a pearl.
1. Is a pearl a mineral?2. Why or why not?
Thurs. 11/1 and Fri.11/2
In: pg
Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…
1 .What element are diamonds made from?
2 . What do all crystals have in common?
Thru 1: pgCrystal Models• Divide the 8 crystal models up between the people at your table(if
you have 4 people at your table, each person gets 2 different crystals)• Cut out the models along the solid lines and fold along the dotted
lines.• Put one very small dot of glue on each tab and glue the sides of your
crystal together.• Glue your crystal model in the appropriate space on your group’s
“Crystal Shapes” sheet.• Answer the analysis questions.
Analysis Questions:1. What are the 8 crystal shapes?2. Which crystal shapes did you make?3. What characteristics do all crystals share?
Thru 2
Article: Rockin’ Gems• Read the article and answer the questions.
Out
Mon. 11/5 and Wed. 11/7
In: pg
Thru 1: pg
• Minerals CLOZE passage
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Color• Can be misleading• Can vary with the type of impurities
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Luster• Surface
reflection • metallic = shiny
like metal• non-metallic =
dull, non-shiny surface
Pyrite has a metallic luster
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Streak• The color of the powdered
form of the mineral• The color of the streak can be
different than the mineral• Minerals must be softer than
the streak plate
Streak…can help identify quartz
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Hardness• How easily a mineral scratches
materials• Mohs Hardness Scale
• Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)• Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch
different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)
Find out more…
• “Electronic” Hardness Testhttp://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.html
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Cleavage & Fracture– The way the mineral breaks– Cleavage—minerals break
along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape
– Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges
Cleavage or Fracture?
1.
4.
3.
2.
Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral)
Other Properties– Specific gravity (*excellent clue to
mineral’s identity)– Attraction to magnets– Bending of light– Reaction with hydrochloric acid– Smell & taste
http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html
Thru 2
Out
Thurs. 11/8 and Fri. 11/9
In: pg
Thru 1: pg
Thru 2
Out
Tues. 11/13 and Wed. 11/14
In: pg
Thru 1:
Thru 2
Out