what is a smart grid - saifurrahman.org
TRANSCRIPT
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Role of the Smart Grid in Facilitating the Integration of Renewables
Keynote Speech
IEEE Student BranchPrince Mohammed Bin Fahd University
Saudi Arabia25 October 2021
Professor Saifur RahmanDirector, Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, USA
IEEE President-elect 2022www.srahman.org
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What is a Smart Grid
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"Smartgrid"isaconceptwithmanyelementswheremonitoringandcontrolofeachelementinthechainofgeneration,transmission,distributionandend-useallowtheelectricitydeliveryandusetobemoreefficient.
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ElectricPowerGrid
3Source: www.sxc.hu
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MotivationforaSmartGrid
Desire to make the grid smarter, safer, reliable and more cost-effective using advanced sensors, communication technologies and distributed computing.
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DifferenceBetweenaNormalGridAndaSmartGrid
5©Saifur Rahman
Normal Phone Smart Phone
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Power PlantTransmission
DistributionHome
BusinessEnd-use
Appliances
StartingandEndPointsofaSmartGrid
From Generator to Refrigerator
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SmartGridBuildingBlocks
© Saifur Rahman
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EvolutionoftheGrid
Source: Altalink, Alberta, Canada
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Intelligent LoadDemand or price-driven control of appliances
SensorsDetect outages, fluctuations, and disturbances
Distributed Arch.
Distribution NetworkInterconnected micro grids
Smart Inverters and Storage
Minimize voltage and power fluctuations
Control Room Functions
Balance electricity Supply/demand across the grid
Bulk PowerPlant
Wind Power Park
IntelligentInterconnectedMicrogrids
© Saifur Rahman
MicrogridLocal Monitoringand Control
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Merging Power Flow with Information Flow:
Integrated Communications
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ElectricPower&CommunicationInfrastructures
Central GeneratingStation
Step-Up Transformer
DistributionSubstation
ReceivingStation
DistributionSubstation
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Industrial Commercial
Gas Turbine
RecipEngine
Cogeneration
RecipEngine
Fuel cell
Micro-turbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photovoltaics
Batteries
Residential Data Concentrator
Control Center
Data network Users
2. Information Infrastructure
1.Power Infrastructure
Source: EPRI 11
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ChangingLandscapefortheElectricUtility
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IssueswithDistributedGeneration
• Wind and solar are intermittent• Hydro is space limited• Resource is free but not always usable
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Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K.
Wind Energy
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BPAWindOutputandLoadMismatch(January2013)
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BPAWindOutputandLoadMismatch(April2013)
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BPAWindOutputandLoadMismatch(July2013)
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BPAWindOutputandLoadMismatch(Oct2013)
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Roof-topSolarPhotovoltaicsinVirginia
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SolarPanelsinWinter
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7-DaySolarPVOutput
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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7-DaySolarPVOutput(intermittent)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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DailyPVOutputLocation:
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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DailyPVOutput(intermittent)
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In-depthlookatSolarPVinKSA
2-MWRoof-topSolarPVplantatKAUST
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SolarPVPanelsinSaudiArabia
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RealityCheck
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SolarPVArray(100kWp)RiyadhArea
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
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September
July
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SolarPVPanelCleaningCostandFrequency
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CantheIntermittencybeAbsorbedbytheNetwork?
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Battery storage
Compressed Air Storage
Pumped Storage
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AddressingtheIntermittencyinRenewableGeneration
• Smart vs. not-so-smart load control(adjust temperature set points in an air conditioner or water heater vs. turning the unit off)
• Size the storage to take advantage of demand dynamics
• Control the renewable generation to avoid instability (output control from PV inverters)
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It helps to integrate intermittent sources of generation into the electric power grid.
Short term load control for a large number of end-use devices through demand response makes it possible to get quick load relief to match fluctuations in generation.
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HowCantheSmartGridHelp?
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Demand Response is a customer action to control load to meet a certain target. Here the customer chooses what load to control and for how long.
DemandResponse
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NewParadigmforthePowerSystem
• Historically: Demand driven supply (supply responds to demand)
• New Reality: Supply driven demand(demandneedstoadjusttomeetfluctuatingsupplywithhelpfromstorage)
THESMARTGRIDECOSYSTEM
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THE SMART GRID ECOSYSTEM Smart Grid
Smart City
Smart Campus
Smart Buildings
Smart grid: Bi-directional flows of energy, remote control/automation of power, integrated distributed energy…
Smart city: Complex system of interconnected infrastructures and services…
Smart buildings: Intelligent building automation systems, smart devices, productive users, grid integration…
Supported by ICT and distributed networks of intelligent sensors, data centers/clouds
Smart Campus: A collection of buildings managed by the same facility manager…
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