what is addiction? addictive substances. addiction- from here to there i’m having fun with my...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Addiction?
Addictive Substances
ADDICTION- From Here to There
• I’m having fun with my friends
• I’ll try it just once• What’s the big deal• I’m just experimenting• I had a tough week, so
need to relax• I can handle it
• I steal from my family and friends
• I lie• My life has no
direction• I hurt myself• I hurt others• This affects every
relationship• I can’t seem to stop
Regions of the Brain
• Each region of the brain is responsible for activities vital to living
• Brain stem – heart rate, breathing, eating, sleeping (basics to sustain life)
• Cerebellum – movements, balance, and posture
• Cerebral Hemisphere – the “thinking center”/process language, math, strategies
Cerebral Cortex
• Divided into the right and left hemispheres and is 2/3 the mass of the brain
• Most highly developed part of the brain
• Responsible for thinking, perceiving, and producing and understanding language
• Each area has a specific function
(The Prefrontal cerebral cortex area is the)
“CONTROL CENTER” for LOGIC/JUDGMENT=
A BIG PROBLEM FOR TEENS
because that part of your brain
MATURES LATER - early twenties
KEY POINT > Why is that SO important?
ENTER >Drugs
• They are SO powerful because they act directly on this center and override the cerebral cortex. •They eliminate the most human part of our brain from its role in “controlling” our behavior.
• Hippocampus – memory
• Thalamus – sensory perception and regulation of motor functions
• Hypothalamus – regulates appetite, body temperature, pituitary and adrenal gland function.
•Limbic System – (known as the “Reward Center” is located deep within the cerebral cortex.
Made up of complex structures such as the following:
• MATURES EARLIER
• Major Role in emotional responses
Key points for teens
IMPACT FOR TEENS
-make impulsive, emotional decisions rather than, carefully considered, logical choices
Nerve Cells and NeurotransmissionHow we communicate messages!
• Brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons
– Cell body – directs all activities of the neuron
– Dendrites – fibers that receive messages from other neurons and relay them to the cell body
– Axon – long single fiber that transmits messages from cell body to dendrites of other neurons = Neurotransmission
• Axon Terminals – the ends of the axon
Neurotransmission: Synapse
• Communication between brain nerve cells does NOT occur through direct contact.
• As the message comes down the axon, there is a release of chemical substances (neurotransmitters) into the NON-CONTACT space between the axon terminals and dendrites of another neuron
SYNAPSE
Neurotransmitters: Key and Lock
• There are specific receptors on the ends of dendrites (Locks) that have a very specific matching neurotransmitters (keys) that can bind to it.
• When this happens, the message carried by the neurotransmitter is received and processed by the dendrite of the receiving neuron
• This message is then relayed to the cell body and then to the axon, and so forth.
3 Types of Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Drugs can change how messages are sent in these 3 ways
• They can act like neurotransmitters (faker)• They can change the amount of neurotransmitters in synapses
(thief)• They can block neurotransmitters
Key point >drugs affect the way we
perceive and respond to the world around us.
http://foundation.methproject.org/Our-Work/brain-and-behavior.php
Examples of drugs doing this …• All drugs that change the way the brain works
affect neurotransmission.
Ex: depression =low levels of serotonin >Medication (prescribed drug) = tells the body to increase serotonin
Other examples:1.LSD, Ecstasy (fakers) act like the natural
neurotransmitter the body makes (similar size and shape, so they fit the key/lock and send the message)
2.PCP (a “road block”) blocks receptors and
prevents messages from getting through
PCP
and3. Methamphetamine, Heroin
flip the switch faster!! (thief) causing large amounts of neurotransmitters to be released at once into the synapse (like a pump). This causes an OVER-STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN SYNAPSE with NO RECOVERY TIME. (BRAIN DISTRESS)
4. Cocaine, marijuana, nicotine
interfere with the transporters responsible for sending the neurotransmitters back into the neurons that released them – therefore, they stay in the synapse (unnatural flooding of neurotransmitters)(creates depression later in life from low natural levels)
= Brain can’t function normally
Drugs of Abuse
• If taken over long periods of time, drugs can change feelings and behavior in the user.
• All drugs that are addicting can activate the brain’s “reward/pleasure center” causing ‘feel good” messages to travel from neuron to neuron
The Brain’s Reward SystemA.K.A. The Limbic System
• Used to reinforce healthy behaviors– Examples: eating when hungry, drinking when thirsty
• To encourage the body to reinforce healthy behaviors, the neurons release a neurotransmitter called
• Drugs that turn on the brain’s reward system trick the mind into believing that the drug is good for the body.
• All drugs of abuse affect the brain’s reward system by the system with dopamine.
DOPAMINE
FLOODING
http://video.about.com/alcoholism/Drug-Addiction.htm
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
To Review: What Happens if Someone Keeps Using Drugs???
• With drug use, the brain starts changing immediately as a result of the unnatural flooding of neurotransmitters. The drug changes the way the brain actually works.
How? 1 by reducing the number of dopamine
receptors 2 stopping the production of dopamine all-
together3 actually killing some of the neurons
Permanent brain changes• The result = low dopamine levels in the drug
abuser’s brain when not on the drug. • • Without drugs, the abuser feels flat, lifeless,
depressed, and unhappy.
• Brain says “ I NEED”
• Drugs are needed just to bring dopamine levels back up to normal.
Permanent brain changes
The abuser is now:
DEPENDENT = the user needs the drug just to function normally AND
He/she becomes a compulsive user.
ADDICTED =The user can no longer control his or her drug use because the brain has changed.
I AM AN ADDICT
• I steal from my family and friends• I lie• My life has no direction• I hurt myself• I hurt others• This affects every relationship• I can’t seem to stop
ADDICTION IS…• A condition in which a person no
longer controls his/her behavior.
• He/she desires to continue despite
the negative consequences
ADDICTION IS…
A chronic,
yet treatable
brain Dis-Ease.
Types of Dependence
• Body craving
– Physiological Dependence
• Mind Craving– Psychological Dependence
Addictive process
the path to addictionExperimental
Situational
Habitual
Addiction/Dependence
Rock Bottom
Recovery
Relapse - why? List 3 possible reasons
WHAT IS THIS? Group discussion
Fill In
• Get a partner and try to fill in section 6 using the word bank. You have 2 minutes.
countdown
• online-stopwatch
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6a. Rock bottom
will now seek treatment
Different for everyone
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6.
b. Intervention-
attempt to interrupt the addiction continuum before one hits Rock Bottom.
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6.
c. Abstinence
refraining from use of a substance/behavior.
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6.
d.Detoxification
the process of removing the substance from the body.
(abstinence, possibly aided by medication)
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6. e. Relapse
during recovery, a user often returns to the use of a substance (either the original one or a substitute). This would especially be true if not receiving treatment for the causes of addiction.
Such as ????
Some Facts about Recovering from Addiction
6.
f. Addicts in the last stages will not recover without treatment.
Some Treatment Options
A. Counseling –
talk with a trusted individual, preferably one knowledgeable about addiction.
psychiatrist, psychologist
Some Treatment OptionsB. Support Groups –a group of people who share a common
problem and work together to help one another & themselves cope with and recover from that problem. AA, psychiatrist, psychologist
also included in the following treatment centers
C. Alcohol & Drug Treatment Centers
Examples: Irene Stacy GMHC,Ellen O’Brien Gaiser Addiction Center,Butler Regional Recovery Program
Detox Unit Inpatient/Residential Center Outpatient Center Halfway House Continuing Programs
Recovery
>THE PROCESS OF MAKING CHANGES in Choices ,Thoughts, AND Behaviors geared TO WELLNESS.
(a truck that has different sources of air in all of its tires)
Unknown source of advice
• Fools do not learn from their mistakes and experiences.
• Smart people learn from their mistakes and experiences.
• Wise people learn from the mistakes and experiences of others.
For More InformationFor More InformationNIDA Public Information Office: NIDA Public Information Office:
301-443-1124301-443-1124OrOr
National Clearinghouse on Alcohol National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and and
Drug Information (NCADI): Drug Information (NCADI): 1-800-729-66861-800-729-6686
www.scholastic.com/headsupwww.scholastic.com/headsup
www.drugabuse.gov
www.nida.nih.govwww.drugabuse.gov