what is austim?

8/14/2019 what is Austim?

1/26

Overview What is Autism?Is there more than one type of Autism?

What causes Autism?How is Autism diagnosed? What are the characteristics of Autism? What are the most effective approaches to treating Autism? Is there a cure?


2/26

WHAT IS AUTISM? Very complex, often bafflingdevelopmental disability

First described by Leo Kanner in1943 asearly infantile autism Auto children are locked

within themselves.

For next 30 years, considered tobe an emotional disturbance
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.puertoricowow.com/assets/images/h-autism.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.puertoricowow.com/html/h-tantrums.html&h=180&w=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dautism%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


3/26

WHAT IS AUTISM?3 categories for autism in IDEA?Today, autism is a severe form of a broader group of

disorders These are referred to as pervasive developmentaldisorders (later)Typically appears during the first 3 years of life


4/26

WHAT IS AUTISM? Very likely neurological in origin notemotional, not the refrigerator mom

Prevalence figures vary widely (textbook says5/10,000, but recent data say as high as 1/1000 oreven 1/500.4 times more prevalent in boysNo known racial, ethnic, or social boundariesNo relation to family income, lifestyle


5/26


6/26

WHAT ARE THE TYPES? Actually, the umbrella heading is PervasiveDevelopmental Disorder (PDD).

Autism is one of the 5 PDDs. All have commonalities in communication and socialdeficitsDiffer in terms of severity


7/26

1. Autistic DisorderImpairments in social interaction, communication ,and imaginative play .

Apparent before age 3. Also includes stereotyped behaviors, interests, andactivities


8/26

2. Aspergers Disorder Impairments in social interactions, and presence ofrestricted interests and activities

No clinically significant general delay in language Average to above average intelligence


9/26

3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder NotOtherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Often referred to as atypical autismUsed when a child does not meet the criteria for a

specific diagnosis, but there is severe and pervasiveimpairment in specified behaviors


10/26

4. Retts Disorder Progressive disorder which, to date, has only occurredin girls.Period of normal development and then the loss ofpreviously acquired skills Also loss of purposeful use of hands, which is replacedby repetitive hand movementsBeginning at age of 1-4 years


11/26

5. Childhood Disintegrative

DisorderNormal development for at least the first 2 yearsThen significant loss of previously acquired skills


12/26

Conclusions on Types Autism is a spectrum disorder This means that symptoms and characteristics canpresent themselves in wide variety ofcombinations, from mild to severe Autistic individuals can be very different from eachother

Autism is still commonly used to refer to any ofthe 5 PDDs


13/26

What causes (and doesnt cause)

autism?Good agreement in general that autism is caused byabnormalities in brain development, neurochemistry,and genetic factorsBettleheims theory of psychogenesis ?


14/26

How is Autism Diagnosed?No definitive medical testTeam uses interviews, observation, and specific

checklists developed for this purpose.Team might include neurologist, psychologist,developmental pediatrician, speech/languagetherapist, learning consultant, etc.Must rule out MR, hearing impairment, behaviordisorders, or eccentric habits


15/26

CHARACTERISTICS1. Communication/Language2. Social Interaction

3. Behaviors4. Sensory and movement disorders5. Resistance to change (predictability)6. Intellectual functioning


16/26

1. Communication/languageBroad range of abilities, from no verbalcommunication to quite complex skills

Two common impairments: A. Delayed languageB. Echolalia


17/26

A. Delayed language50% of autistic individuals will eventually haveuseful speech (?)

Pronoun reversal : You want white icing onchocolate cake. Difficulty in conversing easily with othersDifficulty in shifting topicsLook away; poor eye contactFacilitated communication??????


18/26

Elements of Facilitated

Communication1. Physical Support2. Initial training/introduction

3. Maintaining focus4. Avoiding competence testing5. Generalization6. Fading


19/26

B. EcholaliaCommon in very young children (Age 3)Immediate or delayed (even years)

Is there communicative intent with echolalia?


20/26

2. Social InteractionOne of hallmarks of autism is lack of social interaction1. Impaired use of nonverbal behavior2. Lack of peer relationships3. Failure to spontaneously share enjoyment, interests,etc. with others4. Lack of reciprocity

Theory of mind?


21/26

3. BehaviorsRepetitive behaviors , including obsessions, tics, and perseveration Impeding behaviors (impede their learning or thelearning of others) Will need positive behavior supports A. Self-injurious behavior

B. Aggression


22/26

4. Sensory and movement

disorders Very commonOver- or under-sensitive to sensory stimuli

Abnormal posture and movements of the face,head, trunk, and limbs Abnormal eye movements

Repeated gestures and mannerismsMovement disorders can be detected very early perhaps at birth


23/26

5. PredictabilityChange in routine is very stressfulMay insist on particular furniture arrangement, food atmeals, TV showsSymmetry is often importantInterventions need to focus on preparing students forchange if possible


24/26

6. Intellectual functioning Autism occurs in children of all levels of intelligence,from those who are gifted to those who have mentalretardation

In general, majority of individuals with autism are alsoidentified as having mental retardation 75% below70 Verbal and reasoning skills are difficult

Savant syndrome


25/26

Interventions1. Individualization and early intervention are the keys2. Include life skills, functional academics, and vocational preparation3. Positive behavior support4. Social stories (music therapy?)5. Lovaas model


26/26

Thank youContact Us :

http://cerebrabraintech.com/ [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/cerebraturbobrain
http://cerebrabraintech.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://cerebrabraintech.com/

what is austim?

Documents