What is Chemsitry?

• What do you know about its history

ALCHEMISTS

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

FATHER OF MODERN

CHEMISTRY

Followed scientific method to challenge pholgiston theory.

What is matter?What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.and takes up space.

Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth,

etc.) etc.) How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No

Smell, etc.) Smell, etc.) How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No

Sound, etc.) Sound, etc.) What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear,

Break, Magnetism etc.) Break, Magnetism etc.)

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

•The Four States of The Four States of MatterMatter

•SolidSolid

•LiquidLiquid

•GasGas

•PlasmaPlasma

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

Based upon particle arrangementBased upon energy of particlesBased upon distance between particles

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS

•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.

•Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTERLIQUID

Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTERGAS

Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement DuringPhase Change

Solid to liquid

MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.

Liquid to solid

FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement During Phase Change

Liquid to gas

Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation

Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.

Gas to liquid

CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.

Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…

between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

Will everything just be a gas?

STATES OF MATTERPLASMA

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

• Plasma is the common state of matter

STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed, in a regular pattern

Vibrate, but do not move from place

to place

Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move

about, and slide past each other

Well separated with no regular arrangement.

Vibrate and move freely at high

speeds

Has no definite volume or shape and is composed

of electrical charged particles

Some places where plasmas are found…

1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

MATTER CAN BE SORTED INTO TWO CATEGORIES

PURE MIXTURES

SUBSTANCES

PURE SUBSTANCE

Substance that is made up of all the same kind of matter.

All the particles have the same chemical formula.

ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

MATTER

MIXTURE

Substance that is made up of DIFFERENT kinds of matter.

ELEMENTS AND/ OR COMPOUNDS

MATTER

SUMMARY OF RELATIONSHIPSBETWEEN DIFFERENT

FORMS OF MATTER

Vocabulary

AllotropeOne of two or more different molecular

forms in the same physical state.

oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3)

diamond, graphite, bucky ball