WHATWHAT IS CULTURE? IS CULTURE?Knowledge,___________, values, customs, and physical ___________ Knowledge,___________, values, customs, and physical ___________

passed down from generation to generationpassed down from generation to generation

Material CultureMaterial Culture SkyscrapersSkyscrapers ComputersComputers Cell phonesCell phones CarsCars TVsTVs ________________________

Non-material CultureNon-material Culture BeliefsBeliefs RulesRules CustomsCustoms Family systemFamily system Capitalist economyCapitalist economy ________________________________

Group of people that live in a Group of people that live in a defined territory defined territory and participate and participate in a common culturein a common culture

So, the difference betweenSo, the difference between

Culture and society is______Culture and society is______

______________________________________________

Are we impacted by Are we impacted by culture?culture?

NatureNature ReflexesReflexes

Biologically inherited reaction to a physical stimuliBiologically inherited reaction to a physical stimuli

Pupils contract in bright lightPupils contract in bright light Drives Drives

Impulse to reduce discomfortImpulse to reduce discomfort

Hungry? - you eat; Tired? - you sleepHungry? - you eat; Tired? - you sleep

NurtureNurture Environmental factors like our _________ and Environmental factors like our _________ and

____________________________

NURTURE - Impact of NURTURE - Impact of Culture / SocietyCulture / Society

Culture is learned throughCulture is learned through

_ a _ g _ _ _ e_ a _ g _ _ _ e Physical objects, sounds, smells, tastes, wordsPhysical objects, sounds, smells, tastes, words

words are a _ _ _ _ _ _ for an objectwords are a _ _ _ _ _ _ for an object EX – EX –

Language frees us of time and place. Language frees us of time and place. This This is called…is called…

Cultural TransmissionCultural Transmission Passing of culture from generation to Passing of culture from generation to

generationgeneration

Language (Cont’d)Language (Cont’d)

The more important the The more important the idea/concept/physical object the more idea/concept/physical object the more words we have to represent itwords we have to represent it US: snow = few wordsUS: snow = few words

Inuit (Eskimo): snow = more than twentyInuit (Eskimo): snow = more than twenty

What ideas/concepts/objects do What ideas/concepts/objects do WE have a lot of words for?WE have a lot of words for?

TICKET IN….CHOOSE TICKET IN….CHOOSE ONE…min 5 line responseONE…min 5 line response

1. 1. Describe your personality and include one part of it Describe your personality and include one part of it that is from nature (biology) and one part that is from that is from nature (biology) and one part that is from nurture (culture/environment).nurture (culture/environment).

2. Write about an example of cultural transmission and 2. Write about an example of cultural transmission and include a symbol (word, object, taste, behavior) that include a symbol (word, object, taste, behavior) that was passed down to you from generation to was passed down to you from generation to generation. Highlight or underline the symbol!generation. Highlight or underline the symbol!

3. Tell me about SENIOR CULTURE at CR North 3. Tell me about SENIOR CULTURE at CR North through identifying a “norm”, “value”, and “belief” that through identifying a “norm”, “value”, and “belief” that affect seniors’ behavior.affect seniors’ behavior.

Components ofComponents of

Norms - Rules defining behavior in a specific situationNorms - Rules defining behavior in a specific situation

Taught through the use of sanctions (rewards and punishments)Taught through the use of sanctions (rewards and punishments) Standing in line for concert ticketsStanding in line for concert tickets Applaud for a guest speakerApplaud for a guest speaker ______________________________________________________________________

Values - Broad ideas about what most people in a Values - Broad ideas about what most people in a society/group consider desirablesociety/group consider desirable

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Usually not dictated by ______________________________________Usually not dictated by ______________________________________

Beliefs - Ideas about realityBeliefs - Ideas about reality

Can be true or falseCan be true or false Germans believed if they put a poster of Hitler on their walls, it would Germans believed if they put a poster of Hitler on their walls, it would

prevent the walls from crumbling during bombing (false)prevent the walls from crumbling during bombing (false) No intelligent life exists on Mars (true – based on scientific evidence)No intelligent life exists on Mars (true – based on scientific evidence)

Types of Types of

1.1. FolkwaysFolkways

2.2. MoresMores TaboosTaboos

3.3. LawsLaws

Norms that lack Norms that lack moral significancemoral significance Not considered vital to Not considered vital to groupgroup welfare welfare Disapproval for breaking a folkway is not Disapproval for breaking a folkway is not

costlycostly Sleeping on the floor vs. in a bedSleeping on the floor vs. in a bed ______________________________________________________________________________ Smoking in public places (folkway turned Smoking in public places (folkway turned lawlaw as as

norms changed) norms changed)

Norms with Norms with GREATGREAT moral significancemoral significance Vital to well being of society; therefore, Vital to well being of society; therefore,

conformityconformity is a social requirement is a social requirement Cheating on a testCheating on a test Yelling “fire” in a public placeYelling “fire” in a public place ____________________________________________________________________

MOREMORE

Most serious mores are Most serious mores are TABOOSTABOOS Violation demands punishment by groupViolation demands punishment by group

Not laws, but Not laws, but unacceptableunacceptable Many relate to sexual behaviorsMany relate to sexual behaviors

IncestIncest CannibalismCannibalism

Formally Formally defineddefined and and enforcedenforced by officialsby officials Consciously created and enforcedConsciously created and enforced Guided by mores – as culture changes so Guided by mores – as culture changes so

do the laws (ie. smoking ban in public do the laws (ie. smoking ban in public places) places)

Essential for society’s Essential for society’s well beingwell being Running a red lightRunning a red light MurderMurder

Rewards/Punishments that Rewards/Punishments that __________ people to follow norms__________ people to follow norms

By a certain age we conform to By a certain age we conform to norms, etc. without threat of norms, etc. without threat of sanctions….Why?sanctions….Why? 1.1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

IDEAL CULTURE VS. REAL IDEAL CULTURE VS. REAL CULTURECULTUREIDEAL CULTUREIDEAL CULTURE

1.1. Cultural guidelines Cultural guidelines publicly embraced by publicly embraced by society – society – “how we “how we should behave”should behave”

2.2. High set of standards High set of standards that most people aim forthat most people aim for

REAL CULTUREREAL CULTURE Society’s actual Society’s actual

behavior! – “how we behavior! – “how we actually behave”actually behave”

IDEAL vs. REALIDEAL vs. REALEXAMPLESEXAMPLES

1.1.HONESTYHONESTY

2.2.Student cheat on tests Student cheat on tests

3.3.People violate tax lawsPeople violate tax laws

4. 4.

5. 5.

EXTREMESEXTREMES like murder, rape, etc. are part of like murder, rape, etc. are part of NEITHERNEITHER culture because……culture because……

Think of an example of real and ideal Think of an example of real and ideal culture at Council Rock North.culture at Council Rock North.

Should the aspect of ideal culture be Should the aspect of ideal culture be abandoned?abandoned?

Why or why not?Why or why not?

CULTURAL CHANGECULTURAL CHANGE3 REASONS3 REASONS

1) 1) DiscoveryDiscovery – process of finding something that – process of finding something that already existsalready exists

EXAMPLE: Athletic ability of women – alwaysEXAMPLE: Athletic ability of women – always existed but recently acknowledgedexisted but recently acknowledged

2) 2) Invention Invention – creation of something new– creation of something newEXAMPLE: Steam engine, cell phone, i-PodEXAMPLE: Steam engine, cell phone, i-Pod

3) 3) DiffusionDiffusion – borrowing aspects from other – borrowing aspects from other culturesculturesEXAMPLE: Food: tacos, pizza, hamburgersEXAMPLE: Food: tacos, pizza, hamburgers

(McDonalds), Piñatas - celebrations(McDonalds), Piñatas - celebrations

Read your assigned article for five minutesRead your assigned article for five minutes Identify whether your article pertains to Identify whether your article pertains to

Cultural Cultural Discovery, iscovery, IInvention, or nvention, or DDiffusioniffusion Highlight/underline a part of the article that Highlight/underline a part of the article that

supports your position above AND explain supports your position above AND explain whywhy

Duggar Family (US)Duggar Family (US) – 19 kids and counting! – 19 kids and counting!

One Child One Child PolicyPolicy

(China)(China)

SubcultureSubculture- Part of a larger culture/society but differs in- Part of a larger culture/society but differs in

an important respectan important respect

Examples:Examples:1. “Chinatown”1. “Chinatown”

2.2.

3.3.

CountercultureCounterculture A subculture that is consciously opposed to A subculture that is consciously opposed to

certain central beliefs/attitudes of the larger certain central beliefs/attitudes of the larger cultureculture

Examples:Examples:

1. “Skinheads”1. “Skinheads”

2.2.

3.3.

CULTURAL UNIVERSALSCULTURAL UNIVERSALSAcross ALL cultures there exists over Across ALL cultures there exists over 7, 70, 7, 70,

170, 1700?170, 1700?common cultural traits – common cultural traits –

Essential to the survival of cultures!!!Essential to the survival of cultures!!!Biological needsBiological needs – Because food is necessary,– Because food is necessary,

cooking must be donecooking must be done

Physical needsPhysical needs – Because protection is necessary for – Because protection is necessary for survival, shelter must be createdsurvival, shelter must be created

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: Sports, cooking, courtship, medicine, Sports, cooking, courtship, medicine, language, music, mourning, religion, etc.language, music, mourning, religion, etc.

Not all cultural universals are carried out in theNot all cultural universals are carried out in the

same way = same way =

Examples: “Family is a Examples: “Family is a cultural universalcultural universal, BUT, the way a culture raises a child is a , BUT, the way a culture raises a child is a cultural cultural

particularparticular

US –US – Typical for women to raise children Typical for women to raise children

New Guinea –New Guinea – Men completely in charge Men completely in charge

Can you think of Cultural Particulars for…Can you think of Cultural Particulars for…

Cooking ? Marriage ? Sports ? Family ?Cooking ? Marriage ? Sports ? Family ?

TICKET OUT…TICKET OUT…

5 line response5 line response

Make a connection between your Make a connection between your life/current events and one of the life/current events and one of the following terms: (choose one) following terms: (choose one) sub sub cultures, counter cultures, cultural cultures, counter cultures, cultural universals, or cultural particulars. universals, or cultural particulars.

Body Ritual among the Body Ritual among the Nacirema Nacirema (Horace Milner, Anthropologist)(Horace Milner, Anthropologist)

1.1. Highlight or underline two examples of material culture and two Highlight or underline two examples of material culture and two examples of non – material culture and label it in the margin.examples of non – material culture and label it in the margin.

2.2. Highlight or underline one folkway, one more, and one law of the Highlight or underline one folkway, one more, and one law of the Nacirema and label it in the margin.Nacirema and label it in the margin.

3.3. Highlight or underline one sanction in Nacirema culture and label it in Highlight or underline one sanction in Nacirema culture and label it in the margin.the margin.

4.4. At the end of the article, write down one value of the Nacirema.At the end of the article, write down one value of the Nacirema.

5.5. Use your sociological imagination…if you lived in this culture, how you Use your sociological imagination…if you lived in this culture, how you behave differently or similarly to how you behave now?behave differently or similarly to how you behave now?

Body Ritual among the Body Ritual among the Nacirema Nacirema (Horace Milner, Anthropologist)(Horace Milner, Anthropologist)

1. What are your impressions of this culture? (use adjectives to describe)

2. Highlight or underline three examples of this culture that caught your attention.

3. Did you feel the author made value judgments or was it impartial in its description of another culture? Highlight or underline one example to support your answer.

4. What are some reasons why this culture may have had so many body rituals?

5. Would you choose to live in a culture like the Nacirema? Why? Why not?