what is ecol #1
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What is Ecology?What is Ecology?
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Origin of the word…”ecology”
Greek origin
OIKOS = household
LOGOS = study of…
Study of the “house/environment” in which we live.
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Ecology is study of interactions between non-living components in the environment…
light water wind nutrients in soil heat solar radiation atmosphere, etc.
AND…
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Living organisms… Plants
Animals
microorganisms in soil, etc.
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To study Ecology involves…
For non-living (abiotic) Cycles including: water Phosphorus Nitrogen
CO2 and O2
soil analysis, etc.
For living (biotic)
animal behaviorOrganisms and their relationships population (studies) etc.
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Ecology… views each locale as an integrated whole of
interdependent parts that function as a unit.
tundracaribou
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Nonliving
dead organic matter
nutrients in the soil and water.
Producers green plantsTundra
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Consumers herbivores and
carnivores
Decomposers fungi and bacteria
Tundra
Caribou
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ECOLOGY: ECOLOGY:
Levels of Levels of OrganizationOrganization
- a hierarchy of organization- a hierarchy of organization in the environmentin the environment
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Levels of organization - Terms
Biosphere Surface of the earth Composed of many ecosystems
Ecosystem
Includes living and nonliving organism's Large or small as we decide
Backyard, Central Park, butterfly garden outside Ms. Sprattler’s room (by tennis courts)
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Levels of organization - Terms
Community – All living populations (diff. species) that live in a particular area.
Population – one species live in one place at one time
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Levels of organization - Terms
Habitat – Address of an organism, physical location of community
Organism – simplest level of organization
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Niche ~ role in the environment
Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree
Bay Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree
Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches
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Detritivores Feed on dead/ decaying matter
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Decomposer
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Part II Organisms & relationships
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Relationships in the Environment
Symbiosis - When 2 species live closely together
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Predator - Prey =one organisms lives and the other organisms dies (-, -)
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Lynx and Snowshoe Hare
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Predator Prey graph
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Parasitism ~ one organisms benefits and the other organism is harmed
( -,-)
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Commensalism ~ One organism benefits and the other organism is not affected
( + , o )
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Commensalism ( +,o)
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Mutualism ~ Both organisms benefit( +, +)
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Crocodile and plover – plover picks leeches and food from open croc
mouth
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Part III ~ Feeding Relationships
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Food Chains~ A pathway for matter and energy to pass from one organism to another
Organisms eat and are eaten
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Food chain ~ a series of steps in where organisms transfer energy by
eating and being eaten
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Many organisms eat more than one type of food ~ food web
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Food Chains Seldom stand Alone
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Food Weba network of feeding interactions of various organisms
in an ecosystem
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Food webs More diverse ecosystems bring more
stability to an Ecosystem
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The End!!