what is gis? esri canada october 4, 2015october 4, 2015october 4, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
What is GIS?What is GIS?
ESRI CanadaESRI Canada
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023
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om Geography Matters!Geography Matters!
• EnvironmentalEnvironmental
• Park ManagementPark Management
• AgricultureAgriculture
• Public UtilitiesPublic Utilities
• Health CareHealth Care
• Emergency 911Emergency 911
• Real EstateReal Estate
• MarketingMarketing
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om EnvironmentalEnvironmental
• What are the effects of Global Warming?What are the effects of Global Warming?
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om Park ManagementPark Management
• Will the new building spoil the park scenery?Will the new building spoil the park scenery?
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om AgricultureAgriculture
• How can I How can I improve food improve food production?production?
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om Public UtilitiesPublic Utilities
• Is it safe to dig here?Is it safe to dig here?
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om Health CareHealth Care
• What communities are at risk from disease?What communities are at risk from disease?
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om Emergency 911Emergency 911
• What is the fastest route to the hospital?What is the fastest route to the hospital?
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om Real EstateReal Estate
• Where is my dream home?Where is my dream home?
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om MarketingMarketing
• How can I optimize my marketing How can I optimize my marketing campaign?campaign?
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Geography and Geography and TechnologyTechnology
• Geography affects us in many waysGeography affects us in many ways• Our natural environmentOur natural environment• Our human environmentOur human environment
• Geography is a Hi-Tech disciplineGeography is a Hi-Tech discipline• Earth ObservationEarth Observation• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems (GPS)• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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om Earth ObservationEarth Observation
LANDSATLANDSAT
• Landsat (TM)Landsat (TM)
RADARSATRADARSAT
• RadarSATRadarSAT
NOAANOAA
• NOAANOAA
ERSERS
• ERSERS
SPOTSPOT
• SPOTSPOT
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om Earth ObservationEarth Observation
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Global Positioning Global Positioning SystemsSystems
• GPS is a revolutionary GPS is a revolutionary navigation Systemnavigation System
• 24 satellites orbiting the 24 satellites orbiting the earthearth
• Provide location within Provide location within metres anywhere on the metres anywhere on the globe.globe.
• Now available in many Now available in many cars as an optioncars as an option
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om GIS TechnologyGIS Technology
GISGIS• GIS borrows from GIS borrows from
other software other software technology:technology:
RelationalRelational
DatabaseDatabase
• Relational Database Relational Database Management Management SystemsSystems
CADCAD
GraphicsGraphics
• Computer Assisted Computer Assisted Design and Design and Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software
Statistical Statistical AnalysisAnalysis
• Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis and Reporting and Reporting PackagesPackages
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om What is GIS?What is GIS?
Managing…Managing…
Analyzing…Analyzing…
Presenting…Presenting…
A Geographic Information System A Geographic Information System is a tool for…is a tool for…
Information about people, places Information about people, places and things.and things.
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om Modeling Our WorldModeling Our World
Attribute Information:What is it?
Species: OakHeight: 15mAge: 75 Yrs
We can describe any element of our We can describe any element of our world in two ways:world in two ways:
Location Information: Where is it?
46°N, 84°W
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om GIS Links DataGIS Links Data
GIS software links the location data and the attribute data:
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. . . as . . . as themesthemes of informationof information
A GIS Represents the A GIS Represents the World . . .World . . .
• OwnershipOwnership• StreetsStreets• ZoningZoning• UtilitiesUtilities• DistrictsDistricts• EnvironmentalEnvironmental• Incidents Incidents
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• Base Map DataBase Map Data
GIS - LayersGIS - Layers
• GIS contains many layers of information:GIS contains many layers of information:
• ElevationElevation• Surface GeologySurface Geology
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om GIS Data TypesGIS Data Types
Vector (Point, Vector (Point, Line Polygon)Line Polygon)
Raster Raster (Images)(Images)
3D3DCADCAD
Raster Raster (Surface)(Surface)
TabularTabular
GIS uses wide variety of data types:GIS uses wide variety of data types:
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EditingEditing
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WorkgroupsWorkgroups
NetworkNetwork
Personal DBMSPersonal DBMS
EnterprisesEnterprises
GISGIS
GIS use DBMSGIS use DBMS
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om GIS DatabaseGIS Database
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om What is GIS?What is GIS?
Managing…Managing…
Analyzing…Analyzing…
Presenting…Presenting…
A Geographic Information System A Geographic Information System is a tool for…is a tool for…
Information about people, places Information about people, places and things.and things.
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om GIS – Data QueryGIS – Data Query
What provinces border Saskatchewan?
Spatial Questions:Spatial Questions:
What provinces have more than 1.5 million people?
Attribute Questions:Attribute Questions:GIS can answer GIS can answer simple questions simple questions about our world…about our world…
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om GIS - AnalysisGIS - Analysis
Or, GIS analysis Or, GIS analysis can be more can be more complex…complex…
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om Spatial AnalysisSpatial Analysis
• Raster spatial analysis, modeling Raster spatial analysis, modeling and visualizationand visualization
• Cell modelingCell modeling• Multi-variable models (risk, Multi-variable models (risk,
habitat)habitat)
• Raster analysisRaster analysis• Raster calculatorRaster calculator• Map algebraMap algebra
Compare and Compare and model many model many surfacessurfaces
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om Spatial AnalysisSpatial Analysis
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om 3D Analysis3D Analysis
• Terrain modeling, analysis and Terrain modeling, analysis and visualization visualization
• Create surface modelsCreate surface models• Real world - TerrainReal world - Terrain• Data – population, characteristicsData – population, characteristics
• Surface analysisSurface analysis• Cut and fill volumeCut and fill volume
• Synthetic world viewerSynthetic world viewer• View shed analysisView shed analysis• Fly-throughFly-through
Visualize Visualize surfaces surfaces and terrain and terrain in 3Din 3D
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om 3D Analysis3D Analysis
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om Network AnalysisNetwork Analysis
• Shortest path computation and route Shortest path computation and route optimizationoptimization
• Driving directionsDriving directions
• Flow / load modelingFlow / load modeling
• Network trace analysisNetwork trace analysis• Upstream / downstreamUpstream / downstream• Common ancestorsCommon ancestors
• Natural and human networksNatural and human networks
Analysis along Analysis along paths and paths and networksnetworks
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om Network AnalysisNetwork Analysis
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om GeostatisticsGeostatistics
• Advanced mathematical surface Advanced mathematical surface modelingmodeling
• Exploratory spatial data analysis Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA)(ESDA)
• Statistical diagnosticsStatistical diagnostics
• Model error and uncertaintyModel error and uncertainty
• Surface prediction and analysisSurface prediction and analysisCreate surfaces for analysis, Create surfaces for analysis, modeling and visualizationmodeling and visualization
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om GeostatisticsGeostatistics
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om What is GIS?What is GIS?
Managing…Managing…
Analyzing…Analyzing…
Presenting…Presenting…
A Geographic Information System A Geographic Information System is a tool for…is a tool for…
Information about people, places Information about people, places and things.and things.
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om CartographyCartography
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om ReportingReporting
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om Outside the OrganizationOutside the Organization
• AccessAccess• ParticipationParticipation• InvolvementInvolvement
StakeholdersStakeholdersShared Virtual GISShared Virtual GIS
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om GIS on the WebGIS on the Web
Geography Matters!Geography Matters!
To all of us!To all of us!