What is going on What is going on in the cartoon?in the cartoon?

What is the What is the author’s message?author’s message?

Do you think Do you think Lincoln is seeking Lincoln is seeking revenge on the revenge on the Confederacy or Confederacy or looking to looking to preserve the preserve the Union?Union?

Formation of the Formation of the Confederacy: Jefferson Confederacy: Jefferson

DavisDavis Lincoln’s victory Lincoln’s victory

convinced convinced Southerners that they Southerners that they lost their political lost their political power in the US.power in the US.

They feared an end to They feared an end to their whole way of life.their whole way of life.

Southern states began Southern states began to leave the unionto leave the union

South Carolina South Carolina seceded firstseceded first

By 1861, 6 other states By 1861, 6 other states followed.followed.

They formed the They formed the Confederate States of Confederate States of America. Its capital was America. Its capital was in Montgomery, Alabama in Montgomery, Alabama (later moved to (later moved to Richmond, Va)Richmond, Va)

Jefferson Davis was Jefferson Davis was elected Presidentelected President

Fort Sumter:Fort Sumter:The Confederate states takes over federal property in the South; especially forts.

The Confederacy demanded that the Union surrender Fort Sumter; in Charleston Harbor; S. Carolina

The Confederacy attacked the fort and seized it.

In response; Lincoln decided to go to war

The Civil War begins…April 12, 1861

NORTH HAD NORTH HAD ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

The North and The North and South were not South were not evenly matched. evenly matched.

The North had a The North had a larger population, larger population, more industry & more industry & resources, & the resources, & the navy. navy.

SOUTH HAD SOUTH HAD ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

The South had advantages The South had advantages over the Northern forcesover the Northern forces

Outstanding military Outstanding military leadersleaders

Highly motivated soldiers Highly motivated soldiers Fighting essentially a Fighting essentially a

defensive wardefensive war Accustomed to an outdoor Accustomed to an outdoor

lifelife Had many friends in Britain Had many friends in Britain

& France& France

Northerners and Confederate alike Northerners and Confederate alike expected a short glorious war. In expected a short glorious war. In reality; the North had many reality; the North had many advantages over the South. It had advantages over the South. It had more people; more factories; more more people; more factories; more food production and better railroads. It food production and better railroads. It also had a skilled leader-Lincolnalso had a skilled leader-Lincoln

The South advantages included better The South advantages included better generals & soldiers eager to defend generals & soldiers eager to defend their way of life. Also; the north would their way of life. Also; the north would have to conquer southern territory to have to conquer southern territory to win.win.

How did the North & South How did the North & South Mobilize to fight the WarMobilize to fight the War

NorthNorth Relied on volunteers Relied on volunteers Conscription (draft) law Conscription (draft) law

passed in 1863.passed in 1863. The Union recruited The Union recruited

about 2 million men.about 2 million men. Raised money by Raised money by

imposing higher taxes imposing higher taxes and issuing paper and issuing paper money called money called greenbacks.greenbacks.

Also sold bonds to banks Also sold bonds to banks and wealthy individuals and wealthy individuals

SouthSouth Relied on volunteersRelied on volunteers Instituted its own draft in 1862 Instituted its own draft in 1862

but provided many exceptions; but provided many exceptions; as for slave overseers and as for slave overseers and even permitted wealthy even permitted wealthy draftees to escape military draftees to escape military service by hiring substitutes.service by hiring substitutes.

Recruited about one million Recruited about one million men.men.

Raised money by levied taxes; Raised money by levied taxes; sold bonds and issues sold bonds and issues tremendous quantities of tremendous quantities of paper money without backing paper money without backing in gold and silver.in gold and silver.

What was the NorthWhat was the Northmilitary strategies?military strategies?

The north implemented the The north implemented the Anaconda Anaconda PlanPlan. 1. . 1. It would squeeze the South into It would squeeze the South into submission by using a submission by using a naval blockadenaval blockade to to keep out supplies. 2. Split the Confederacy keep out supplies. 2. Split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi and 3. to capture in two at the Mississippi and 3. to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond; Va.the Confederate capital of Richmond; Va.

Purpose of plan was to isolate Texas; Arkansas Purpose of plan was to isolate Texas; Arkansas and Louisiana and to keep them from helping and Louisiana and to keep them from helping the Confederate cause.the Confederate cause.

What strategy did the South What strategy did the South use?use?

Jefferson Davis took personal control of Jefferson Davis took personal control of the Confederate military. He chose to the Confederate military. He chose to wage mainly a wage mainly a defensive wardefensive war in hope he in hope he could make the Union pay for attacks in could make the Union pay for attacks in the South.the South.

The idea was to defend the South by The idea was to defend the South by putting aggressive defense that would putting aggressive defense that would force the North to quit once it grew tired force the North to quit once it grew tired of fighting the war.of fighting the war.

The first major bloodshed occurred on July 21 1861 at Prince William County Va

Hundreds of people from both sides followed their troops to sit and watch the battle.

It seemed that the Union troops would win but when Confederates reinforcements arrived the Union soldiers panicked and began a disorderly retreat..

If the Confederate army had continued to pursue the Union troops; they may have been able to capture Washington; DC but instead returned to the south to celebrate their victory

September 1862 Antietam Creek; Maryland; first

major battle on northern soil. Deadliest one-day battle in

American History. General George McClellan had

moved to intercept a Southern advance into Maryland. His move was not quick enough to catch Lee by himself, though. Stonewall Jackson, recently returned from a victory at Harpers Ferry, joined Lee for the savage battle outside the town of Sharpsburg.

Tactically, the battle was a draw. But the result was a Southern retreat, which gave not only the appearance of a Union in command but the opportunity for Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

1.1. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was one of the main Proclamation was one of the main actions of the Civil War. actions of the Civil War.

2.2. It freed the slaves residing in territory It freed the slaves residing in territory that was in rebellion against the that was in rebellion against the federal government (Confederate federal government (Confederate states).states).

3.3. It did not free slaves in states that had It did not free slaves in states that had not seceded from the Union. not seceded from the Union.

4.4. It encouraged slaves in the south to It encouraged slaves in the south to escape. As the number of runaways escape. As the number of runaways slaves climbed; the South’s ability to slaves climbed; the South’s ability to produce cotton & food declined.produce cotton & food declined.

5.5. The government; army; and navy The government; army; and navy would recognize and maintain freedom would recognize and maintain freedom of slaves and would do nothing to stop of slaves and would do nothing to stop them from any efforts. them from any efforts.

6.6. Union armies were fighting against Union armies were fighting against slavery not against secession and slavery not against secession and rebellionrebellion

The Stainless The Stainless BannerBanner

Adopted on May Adopted on May 1, 18631, 1863

Southern CrossSouthern Cross

Problem: Problem: Resembled to a Resembled to a flag of truce.flag of truce.

Used as a battle flag for the Army of Tn & Army of Northern Virginia

Gen. Robert E. Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it wascrucial to attack the North on its own territory

July 1-3, 1863 – Lee’s army was met by Union troops at Gettysburg; Pennsylvania

on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge")

In the 3 day battle; over 50;000 were killed. It was the deadliest battle of the Civil War. Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.

Lee gave up attempts to invade the Union. It proves to be the turning point of the war.

Four months later; Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address

May-July 1863 Union Major Gen. Ulysses S.

Grant laid siege to Vicksburg; MS

The army that controlled the Mississippi River would control traffic on the whole river.

After 7 weeks; Grant (Union) gained control of the Mississippi River.

Confederate troops & supplies in Arkansas; Louisiana & Texas were cut off from the Confederacy.

Over 19000 killed or wounded

In November 1863; In November 1863; a cemetery was a cemetery was dedicated atdedicated at GettysburgGettysburg. President Lincoln . President Lincoln delivered a short speech. delivered a short speech.

The Gettysburg address The Gettysburg address honored the dead honored the dead and asked Americans to rededicate and asked Americans to rededicate themselves to preserving the Union. themselves to preserving the Union. Lincoln promised that “this government of Lincoln promised that “this government of the people; by the people; and for the the people; by the people; and for the people” would survive.people” would survive.

Lincoln’s speech lasted less than two Lincoln’s speech lasted less than two minutes; but it has become the best-minutes; but it has become the best-remembered speech in American History. remembered speech in American History. Some say it “remade America”Some say it “remade America”

In the Gettysburg address; Lincoln In the Gettysburg address; Lincoln reminded the American people that the reminded the American people that the Civil War had; in some ways; become Civil War had; in some ways; become America’s second war of IndependenceAmerica’s second war of Independence

CONFEDERACY WEARS CONFEDERACY WEARS DOWNDOWN

After the twin defeats After the twin defeats at Gettysburg and at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the Vicksburg, the Confederate forces Confederate forces morale was destroyedmorale was destroyed

Many Southern Many Southern soldiers had desertedsoldiers had deserted

Grant and Grant and General General Tecumseh ShermanTecumseh Sherman were now in control of were now in control of the Union Armythe Union Army

They aimed to destroy They aimed to destroy the will of the the will of the ConfederatesConfederates UNION GENERAL SHERMAN

CONFEDERACY WEARS CONFEDERACY WEARS DOWNDOWN

Many soldiers deserted after receiving Many soldiers deserted after receiving letters from home about lack of food letters from home about lack of food & shortage of labor workers.& shortage of labor workers.

In every Southern state except South In every Southern state except South Carolina, there were soldiers who Carolina, there were soldiers who decided to turn and fight for the decided to turn and fight for the North. For example, 2400 Floridians North. For example, 2400 Floridians served in the Union Army. served in the Union Army.

Florida’s Role in the Civil Florida’s Role in the Civil WarWar

  There were two large battles that There were two large battles that that took place in Florida and that took place in Florida and both were won by Confederate both were won by Confederate troops. The Battle of Olustee and troops. The Battle of Olustee and Battle of Natural BridgeBattle of Natural Bridge

  Florida's greatest contribution to Florida's greatest contribution to the war, besides the 5,000 the war, besides the 5,000 Floridian men who fought, was Floridian men who fought, was food supplies. Florida sent beef, food supplies. Florida sent beef, pork, fish, and fruit to the pork, fish, and fruit to the Confederate troops. A vital part of Confederate troops. A vital part of the Confederate strategy was to the Confederate strategy was to keep Florida's inland roads and keep Florida's inland roads and rivers protected so that the rivers protected so that the supplies could get safely supplies could get safely northward. northward. 

Florida was a vital source of Florida was a vital source of beef and salt for the beef and salt for the Confederacy. Florida beef Confederacy. Florida beef became especially important became especially important after the Confederates lost after the Confederates lost control of the Mississippi River control of the Mississippi River in 1864. With the flow of beef in 1864. With the flow of beef from Texas almost completely from Texas almost completely cut off, Florida’s vast supply cut off, Florida’s vast supply of cattle became a critical of cattle became a critical food source for the food source for the Confederate Army.Confederate Army.

Lincoln appointed Grant as his supreme commander. Grant aimed at destroying both the Confederate army & its base of support. He ordered General Sherman to march from western Georgia to Atlanta & then down the coast.

In 1864, Sherman began his march Sherman began his march southeast through Georgia to the southeast through Georgia to the coastcoast

They burned the city of Atlanta to They burned the city of Atlanta to the ground. the ground. After capturing After capturing Atlanta, Atlanta, Sherman leads army to Sherman leads army to Savannah, his troops created a Savannah, his troops created a pathpath of destructionof destruction as they burned as they burned homes, destroyed livestock and homes, destroyed livestock and railroadsrailroads

Sherman sends a message to Lincoln:

“I beg to present to you a Christmas Gift, the city of Savannah

1864 Election1864 Election Lincoln faced heavy Lincoln faced heavy

oppositionopposition Democrat General McClellan is Democrat General McClellan is

delighted to rundelighted to run Lincoln was pessimistic about Lincoln was pessimistic about

his chances “I am going to be his chances “I am going to be beaten”beaten”

Great change did take place; Great change did take place; Atlanta belonged to the Union. Atlanta belonged to the Union.

Sherman chased the Sherman chased the ConfederatesConfederatesout of Shenandoah Valley in out of Shenandoah Valley in northern Virginianorthern Virginia

The victories buoyed the North The victories buoyed the North and with the help of absentee and with the help of absentee ballots cast by Union soldiersballots cast by Union soldiers

Lincoln wins a second termLincoln wins a second term

The Blood-Stained The Blood-Stained BannerBanner Adopted March 4, 1865Adopted March 4, 1865

The Confederacy will The Confederacy will fall the following monthfall the following month

very few flags of this very few flags of this design were design were manufactured or used.manufactured or used.

the battle flag was the battle flag was used mostly at used mostly at veterans’ events and veterans’ events and to commemorate fallen to commemorate fallen Confederate soldiers.Confederate soldiers.

On April 3, 1865, On April 3, 1865, Union troops Union troops conquered Richmond, conquered Richmond, the Confederate the Confederate capitalcapital

On April 9, 1865On April 9, 1865, Lee , Lee and Grant met to and Grant met to arrange a arrange a Confederate Confederate surrendersurrender at at Appomattox Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. Courthouse, Virginia.

All Confederate troops All Confederate troops forced to take an oath forced to take an oath of loyalty to U.S. of loyalty to U.S.

The South lost the

War

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War. ThousandsOver 618,000 military deaths during Civil War. Thousands were wounded or seriously ill. Men returned to their familieswere wounded or seriously ill. Men returned to their families blind; deaf; or missing arms and legs. About 37;000 African-blind; deaf; or missing arms and legs. About 37;000 African-

Americans died fighting for their freedom.Americans died fighting for their freedom.

DEADLY WAR BRINGS CHANGESDEADLY WAR BRINGS CHANGES

U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Casualties and Financial Casualties and Financial LossesLosses

Great loss of life and propertyGreat loss of life and property First total war in the United States First total war in the United States

history since it mobilized and used history since it mobilized and used every available resources.every available resources.

Over 600;000 soldiers diedOver 600;000 soldiers died Over 500;000 were woundedOver 500;000 were wounded Nearly 10% of the nation’s population Nearly 10% of the nation’s population

served in the military; leaving their served in the military; leaving their jobs; farms and familyjobs; farms and family

THE 13THE 13THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENT

Lincoln believed a Lincoln believed a Constitutional Constitutional Amendment was Amendment was needed to ensure needed to ensure freedom for slavesfreedom for slaves

The 13The 13thth Amendment Amendment outlawing slavery outlawing slavery was ratified in 1865was ratified in 1865. . Making slavery Making slavery illegal.illegal.

The Assassination of LincolnThe Assassination of Lincoln

April 14; 1865; the Lincolns arrived at Ford’s Theatre

Lincoln’s bodyguard; John Parker left his post outside the door of the President’s box

John Wilkes Booth rode to theatre on a rented horse. Surprise not to find a guard at the door

As the audience laughed at the lines spoken by one of the actors; John W Booth stepped up behind the president; aimed and pulled the trigger. The bullet entered Lincoln’s head, killing the President.

Booth slashed Lincoln’s guest Henry Rathbone and jumped over the railing to the stage awkwardly breaking his left ankle.

The president was carried across the street to Peterson’s Boarding house. He died the following morning.

Georgia MS TN

Alabama Arkansas

Sample QuestionSample QuestionWhich factor provided a military Which factor provided a military advantage during the U.S. Civil War?advantage during the U.S. Civil War?

A.A.80% of the nation’s factories existed in the 80% of the nation’s factories existed in the NorthNorth

B.B.Southern merchant ships outnumbered those Southern merchant ships outnumbered those controlled by the Northcontrolled by the North

C.C.70% of the U.S. railroad tracks existed in 70% of the U.S. railroad tracks existed in southern territory.southern territory.

D.D.The North made an alliance with France to The North made an alliance with France to receive troops and other aid to fight the South.receive troops and other aid to fight the South.