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Objective of the Presentation

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ü What is kerosene?ü What is the properties of kerosene?ü What is the uses of kerosene?ü The History of Kerosene

Kerosene is an oil, often called paraffin oil or heating oil. It is a thin, clear flammable liquid formed from hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum. Kerosene is derived primarily from petroleum, but at one time, it was also made from coal tar and shale oils. It can appear colorless or pale yellow and has a unique odor. The term kerosene is, in fact, derived from the Greek word for wax. Sometimes spelled kerosine or kerosiene, it is also called coal oil because of its asphalt origins.

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Kerosene boils from 200°C to 300° C

Crude oil

Dist. Procces

•Finally using it kerosene

The flash point of kerosene is between 37 and 65 °C ,and its auto ignition temperature is 220 °C. The pour point of kerosene depends on grade, with commercial avia� on fuel standardized at −47 °C

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Kerosene is a thin, clear liquid formed from hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum between 150 °Cand275 °C,(Kerosene boils from 200° C to 300° C ) resulting in a mixture with a density of 0.78–0.81 g/cm3 composed of carbon chains that typically contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule.It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible in water.

What is kerosene used for?

But it also has application as a solvent in paints, cleaners, pesticides and some eye medicines.It was previously a commonfuel for stoves, heaters and lamps and is still used today as afuel for home (‘oil’)central heating systems.

But it also has application as a solvent in paints, cleaners, pesticides and some eye medicines.It was previously a commonfuel for stoves, heaters and lamps and is still used today as afuel for home (‘oil’)central heating systems.

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The heating oil can be used in a number of different pieces of engineering. From the use in oil lamps to oil heaters in your home, kerosene is a diverse fuel that can power thesmallest to the most vast of machinery such as the jet engine.

The heating oil can be used in a number of different pieces of engineering. From the use in oil lamps to oil heaters in your home, kerosene is a diverse fuel that can power thesmallest to the most vast of machinery such as the jet engine.

The production of Kerosene Oil has been in motion since 1846. Prior to the invention of electricity, Kerosene was the planets main way of heating and lighting up the world.

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Kerosene was discovered by Canadian physician Abraham Gesner in the late 1840s, His new discovery, which he named kerosene, burned more cleanly and was less expensive than competing products, such as whale oil.

Kerosene was an important commodity in the days before electric lighting and it was the first material to be chemically extracted on a large commercial scale. Mass refinement of kerosene and other petroleum products actually began in 1859 when oil was discovered in the United States. Kerosene continued to be the most important refinery product throughout the late 1890s and early 1900s. It was surpassed by gasoline in the 1920s with the increasing popularity of the internal combustion engine.

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Toxicity

� Ingestion of kerosene is harmful or fatal. Kerosene is sometimes recommended as a folk remedy for killing head lice, but health agencies warn against this as it can cause burns and serious illness.

� People can be exposed to kerosene in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact.

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Conclu� To conclude, kerosene is known by a multitude of names and is traditionally

and most commonly used as a means of providing heating, lighting and power to a variety of different sources. It is used worldwide and most commonly within less affluent countries, providing means of cooking and even entertainment. It is readily available to buy and is supplied by many different sources, but requires careful handling and storage. However despite the health and safety concerns kerosene still remains the first choice for many people and is more readily available than ever before.

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The Making of KeroseneKerosene is made by refining petroleum oil. Petroleum oil is also known as crude oil. The first step to refining petroleum oil is washing the oil to get rid of salts and inorganic materials. Next, the crude oil goes through fractional distillation. During fractional distillation, crude oil is placed in a distillation tower. The tower is then heated to a very high temperature. Hydrocarbons separate due to the heat because hydrocarbons boil at a different temperature. Kerosene boils from 200° C to 300° C. Fractional distillation creates 5% to 20% or kerosene. Kerosene can also be obtained from coal, wood and shade oil, but kerosene is mainly obtained through refining petroleum oil.

Some extra info

� History � Petroleum byproducts have been used since ancient times as adhesives and

water proofing agents. Over 2,000 years ago, Arabian scientists explored ways to distill petroleum into individual components that could be used for specialized purposes. As new uses were discovered, demand for petroleum increased. Kerosene was discovered in 1853 by Abraham Gesner. A British physician, Gesner developed a process to extract the inflammable liquid from asphalt, a waxy petroleum mixture. The term kerosene is, in fact, derived from the Greek word for wax. Sometimes spelled kerosine or kerosiene, it is also called coal oil because of its asphalt origins.

� Kerosene was an important commodity in the days before electric lighting and it was the first material to be chemically extracted on a large commercial scale. Mass refinement of kerosene and other petroleum products actually began in 1859 when oil was discovered in the United States. An entire industry evolved to develop oil drilling and purification techniques. Kerosene continued to be the most important refinery product throughout the late 1890s and early 1900s. It was surpassed by gasoline in the 1920s with the increasing popularity of the internal combustion engine.

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Kerosene� Kerosene, most notably used in jet engines as a fuel base.

� Predominantly used as a heating oil for lamps in the early 1900s.

� Has several more applications and is representative of the versatility of petroleum products.

Kerosene in the Fuel of Jets� Jet fuel is not solely comprised of kerosene.

� Many additives such a benzene and toluene are added to increase the favourableproperties of kerosene, which includes its resistance to gelling.

� Its high enthalpy makes it ideal for jet speed flight.

� Jet engines (gas turbines) use the combustion of kerosene with air to achieve motion

� Equation of Combustion:l-7513KJ/moH CO13 OH12 OHC 2(g)(g)22(g)26(g)12

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37=D+®+

Kerosene – the Other Uses� Solvent, particularly for tar and grease

� Pesticide, its low density allows it float on water and suffocate mosquito larvae

� Heating oil, combustion of kerosene is used for camp stoves, heating units and some lamps

Environmental Consequences � Combustion of kerosene produces the greenhouse gases CO2 and

water vapour

� When used as a pesticide endangers other flora and fauna

� Volatile and can cause fires especially when used in a camp stove or lamp.

� Products of Petroleum often not biodegradable, such as plastics, synthetic rubbers, oils, paints, glues and solvents.