What is matter??? Matter is anything that takes up space!!!

What are the three states of matter??? The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases! (A fourth state is

Plasma but you’ll learn about that later)

Three Main Phases – page 41

Solid

• Solids have three main properties: • It has a definite shape. • It has a definite mass. • It has a definite volume. • • An apple

is a solid

• This means that a solid will always look the same, take up the same amount of space, and have the same amout of molecules in

SolidSolids hold

their shape.

Ice and snow are examples of water in the solid state.

Copper Phases - Solid

Liquid

• Liquids have three main properties: • It does not have a definite shape. • It has a definite mass. • It has a definite volume. • • Water

is a liquid

• This means that liquids will always take up the same amount of space and have the same amount of molecules in it. However, because it does not have a definite shape, it takes the shape of its container.

Copper Phases - Liquid

Gas• Gases have three main properties: • It does not have a definite shape. • It does not have a definite mass. • It does not have a definite volume. • • Air

is a gas

• This means that a gas does not always take up the same amount of space, nor does it weigh the same all the time. Like liquids, gases take the shape of their containers. However, they will fill the space they are given. That is why they don't always take up the same amount of space!!

• • •

• The sun (made up of many gases), smoke from fire, and water vapor in clouds are all gases too. Can you think of more?

Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

4th state: Plasma - formed at high temperatures; ionized phase

of matter as found in the sun

On earth we live upon an island of "ordinary" matter. The different states of matter generally found on earth are solid, liquid, and gas. We have learned to work, play, and rest using these familiar states of matter. Sir William Crookes, an English physicist, identified a fourth state of matter, now called plasma, in 1879.

Solid Liquid Gas

Melt Evaporate

CondenseFreeze

Physical vs. Chemical Change• Physical change will change the visible

appearance, without changing the composition of the material.– Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack

– Is boiled water still water?

• Can be reversible, or irreversible• Chemical change - a change where a

new form of matter is formed.– Rust, burn, decompose, ferment

Chemical ChangeA change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

Heat and

light are often evidence of a chemical change.

Recognizing Chemical Changes1) Energy is absorbed or released

(temperature changes hotter or colder)

2) Color changes

3) Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)

4) formation of a precipitate - a solid that separates from solution (won’t dissolve)

5) Irreversibility - not easily reversed

But, there are examples of these that are not chemical – boiling water bubbles, etc.