What is Matter?

(Part 1 – Glencoe chapter 18-1)

I. Chemistry

• The study of matter and how it changes

• Differences in material properties relate to what the materials are made of

A. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space

• Examples of matter

wood, water, air, you

A. Matter • Examples NOT matter

electricity, sound, light

- NO volume (takes no space),

- NO mass

A. Matter 1. Element – substance that cannot be

broken down into simpler parts and retain properties

A. Matter

2. Atom – smallest unit of an element

A. Matter 3. Compound – substance made of atoms of more

than one element bound together contains unique properties from components

Sodium Metal + Chlorine gas = Sodium Chloride

A. Matter

4. Molecule – smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance

can be 1 or more elements

Methane Oxygen gas

A. Matter5. Chemical formula – chemical

symbols and number of atoms of each type of element found in a substance

Example: H2O -- water

subscript = number of

atoms of an element

2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

B. Pure substance or mixture

1. Pure substance – matter with a fixed composition and definite properties

Cannot be broken down physically

Examples: Elements and compounds

B. Pure substance or mixture

2. Mixture – combination of more than one pure substance

Examples: Air, foods, drinks

- Mixtures can be separated

B. Pure substance or mixture

a. Heterogeneous mixture – not uniform throughout

b. Homogeneous mixture – uniform throughout

B. Pure substance or mixture

c. Miscible – able to dissolve in each other

d. Immiscible – not able to dissolve in each other

B. Pure substance or mixture

3. Many types of mixtures (examples)

a. Gas – liquid mixture soda pop

b. Gas – gas mixture air

c. Solid – solid mixture steel

B. Pure substance or mixture

4. A homogenous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly (same throughout) mixed and has particles

that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope is called a solution.

Example: sugar water

B. Pure substance or mixture

5. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose particles are not heavy enough to settle to the bottom.

Example: milk

B. Pure substance or mixture6. The scattering of a light beam as it

passes through a colloid is called the Tyndall effect.

Example: fog

B. Pure substance or mixture7. A heterogeneous mixture containing a

liquid in which visible particles settle is called a suspension.

Examples: Italian dressing

Muddy water