what is microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/lab-8-microbio.pdf · bacterial shapes...

What is Microbiology? Microbes, or microorganisms are minute living things that are usually unable to be viewed with the naked eye. What are some examples of microbes? Some are pathogenic - “Germ” refers to a rapidly growing cell. Bacteria Fungi Protozoa (Protists) Algae Viruses

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What is Microbiology?

Microbes, or microorganisms are minute living things that are usually

unable to be viewed with the naked eye.

What are some examples of microbes?

Some are pathogenic - “Germ” refers to a rapidly growing cell.

BacteriaFungi

Protozoa (Protists)Algae

Viruses

Page 2: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Microbes – What are they good for?

• Decompose organic waste

• Are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis

• Produce industrial chemicals such as ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and acetone

• Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread

What is Microbiology?

Knowledge of Microbes allows humans to

Prevent food spoilage

Diagnose/Treat/Prevent disease occurrence

• Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in

medicine and in microbiology laboratories.

What is Microbiology?

Worldwide Infections Disease Statistics

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Virology

• tremendous variation- host cell type

- genetic material

- infection cycle

• living or not?

Page 6: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

A young milkmaid informed the physician Edward Jenner that she could not get

smallpox because she had already been sick from cowpox.

1796: Edward Jenner inoculated a person with cowpox virus. The person was then

protected from smallpox.

Called vaccination from vacca for cow

The protection is called immunity

History of Microbiology

The Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology

• Immunology

• Virology

• Chemotherapy

• Microbial Genetics

Immunology

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Vaccines

Provide an antigenic stimulus that does not cause disease but

can produce long lasting, protective immunity

Page 8: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Therapeutic Cloning

(embryo/human cloning)

All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second,

it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.

- Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788-1860

Bacterial Shapes

Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm

Basic shapes:

Singular Plural Shape

Coccus (cocci) = spherical

Bacillus (bacilli) = rod-shaped

Spirillum (spirilla) = wavy shaped

Cocci Bacilli (Rod-shaped) Spirilla

Page 10: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Page 11: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

• Part of the Cell Envelope

• External to the Cell Wall

The Glycocalyx

Coating of molecules external to the cell wall, made of sugars and/or proteins

Two types

1. Capsule - highly organized, tightly attached - thickest

2. Slime layer - loosely organized and attached - thinnest

Functions

Attachment – (to other cells and surfaces)

Protection

Inhibits killing (phagocytosis) by white blood cells

Resists dessication, viral infection, antibiotic uptake

Page 12: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Medically Important Biofilms

CDC estimate: 65% of human bacterial infections

– Dental plaque

– Infectious kidney stones

– Endocarditis

– Catheters

– Implants

– Cystic Fibrosis

Page 13: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

Page 14: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Page 15: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Endospores

• Resting, dormant cells

• produced by some Gm+ genera: Clostridium, Bacillus & Sporosarcina

• Have a 2-phase life cycle – vegetative cell & an endospore

• sporulation -formation of endospores

• germination- return to vegetative growth

• hardiest of all life forms

• withstand extremes in heat, drying, freezing, radiation & chemicals not a means of reproduction

Internal Structures

Page 16: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Medical Significance of Endospores

• Bacillus anthracis - anthrax

– bioterrorism

• Clostridium

– C. tetani - tetanus

– C. botulinum - botulism

– C. perfringens - gas gangrene

C. perfringensC. botulinum

C. tetani

B. anthracis

Page 17: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Demo: Capusule Stain and Endospore Stain

Page 18: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Protista = Yellow

Page 19: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

Protist Diversity

DiatomsUlva

Page 20: What is Microbiology?websites.rcc.edu/thaler/files/2017/11/Lab-8-Microbio.pdf · Bacterial Shapes Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm 2 - 8 µm Basic shapes: Singular Plural Shape Coccus (cocci)

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