what is news?
DESCRIPTION
An overview of what journalists do and why they do it.TRANSCRIPT
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What is news?
An overview of what journalists do and why they do it
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact• Proximity
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact• Proximity• Controversy
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact• Proximity• Controversy• Prominence
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact• Proximity• Controversy• Prominence• Currency
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Definitions of news
• Timeliness• Impact• Proximity• Controversy• Prominence• Currency• Oddity
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news– War
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news– War– Natural disaster
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news– War– Natural disaster– Politics
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news– War– Natural disaster– Politics– Economics
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news– War– Natural disaster– Politics– Economics– Crime
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news• Soft news– Celebrities
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news• Soft news– Celebrities– Arts and
entertainment
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news• Soft news– Celebrities– Arts and
entertainment– Human interest
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news• Soft news– Celebrities– Arts and
entertainment– Human interest– Sports
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Two broad types of news
• Hard news• Soft news– Celebrities– Arts and
entertainment– Human interest– Sports– Lifestyle
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Sources of news
• External events
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Sources of news
• External events– Disasters
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Sources of news
• External events– Disasters– Accidents
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Sources of news
• External events– Disasters– Accidents– War
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities– Meetings
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities– Meetings– News conferences
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities– Meetings– News conferences– Demonstrations
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities• Enterprise– Public records
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities• Enterprise– Public records– Tips from sources
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Sources of news
• External events• Planned activities• Enterprise– Public records– Tips from sources– Connecting the dots
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent• The rise of objectivity
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent• The rise of objectivity• The problem of “balance”
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent• The rise of objectivity• The problem of “balance”• Opinion journalism
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent• The rise of objectivity• The problem of “balance”• Opinion journalism– First obligation is to readers/viewers/listeners
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Fairness and neutrality
• A journalist must strive to be independent• The rise of objectivity• The problem of “balance”• Opinion journalism– First obligation is to readers/viewers/listeners– Opinionated but not partisan
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Elements of a news story
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Elements of a news story
• Who?
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Elements of a news story
• Who?• What?
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Elements of a news story
• Who?• What?• Where?
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Elements of a news story
• Who?• What?• Where?• When?
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Elements of a news story
• Who?• What?• Where?• When?• Why?
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Elements of a news story
• Who?• What?• Where?• When?• Why?• How?
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What is journalism for?
• “The primary purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with the information they need to be free and self-governing”
– Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel
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What is journalism for?
• “The primary purpose of journalism is to provide citizens with the information they need to be free and self-governing”
– Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel
• Why such a high-minded definition?
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First Amendment
• “Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.”
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First Amendment
• “Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.”
• Does this suggest a social obligation on the part of the press?
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First Amendment
• “Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.”
• Does this suggest a social obligation on the part of the press?
• Can that obligation be enforced by the government?
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First Amendment
• “Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.”
• Does this suggest a social obligation on the part of the press?
• Can that obligation be enforced by the government?
• Is the press the only entity that can exercise that First Amendment responsibility?
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Journalism as a profession
• Does the First Amendment allow for journalism to be considered a profession?
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Journalism as a profession
• Does the First Amendment allow for journalism to be considered a profession?
• Does the First Amendment offer special protections for journalists?
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Journalism as a profession
• Does the First Amendment allow for journalism to be considered a profession?
• Does the First Amendment offer special protections for journalists?
• Do the media have common elements?
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Journalism as a profession
• Does the First Amendment allow for journalism to be considered a profession?
• Does the First Amendment offer special protections for journalists?
• Do the media have common elements?• Can wrongdoers be sanctioned?
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Jack Kelley
• Foreign reporter for USA Today
• Fabricated details of war reportage
• Lost his job and is out of journalism
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Mike Barnicle
• Columnist forThe Boston Globe
• Survived repeated instances of plagiarism and fabrication
• Lost job, but remains in journalism
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Credit
• Much of this presentation is based on an essay by Deborah Potter titled “What Is News?”