WHAT IS POETRY?WHAT IS POETRY?

PoetryPoetry:: an imaginative an imaginative response to experience. response to experience.

A kind of rhythmic, compressed A kind of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech language that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to and imagery designed to appeal to our emotions. our emotions.

If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold that no fire can ever warm me, I know that it is that no fire can ever warm me, I know that it is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that it is poetry. were taken off, I know that it is poetry.

----Emily Dickinson----Emily Dickinson

Poetry as a “play on words”Poetry as a “play on words”

Poets play with words, rhymes, and Poets play with words, rhymes, and rhythms as they write. rhythms as they write.

PUN:PUN: a play on the multiple meanings of a a play on the multiple meanings of a word, or on two words that sound alike but word, or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings.have different meanings. Puns are like jokes and are often used for their Puns are like jokes and are often used for their

humorous effect.humorous effect.

Ex.) Ex.) An elevator makes ghosts happy because it lifts the spirits.An elevator makes ghosts happy because it lifts the spirits.

Because of their creativity, poets often confuse and frustrate their

readers.

DON’T GET DISCOURAGE! POETRY IS NOT THE ENEMY!!

1.1. Look for punctuation.Look for punctuation.

2.2. Do not stop at the end of a Do not stop at the end of a line if there is no period, line if there is no period, comma, colon, semicolon, or comma, colon, semicolon, or dash there.dash there.

3.3. Look for the subject, verb, Look for the subject, verb, and complement of each and complement of each sentence if you are having sentence if you are having trouble with a passage of a trouble with a passage of a poem.poem.

4.4. Look up words you do not Look up words you do not understand.understand.

5.5. Be alert for comparisonsBe alert for comparisons

6.6. Read the poem aloud; Read the poem aloud; understand it with your mind, understand it with your mind, hear it with your ears, and feel hear it with your ears, and feel it in your heart.it in your heart.

7.7. Know and understand the use Know and understand the use of figurative languageof figurative language

8.8. READ THE POEM AGAIN!READ THE POEM AGAIN!

How do I How do I read read

poetry?poetry?

What is the first difference that a reader notices when they read poetry verses a story or play?

Variety of Poems and Variety of Poems and StructuresStructures

We will be studying a variety of We will be studying a variety of poems throughout this unit, poems throughout this unit, each will have their own each will have their own structurestructure, , rhymerhyme, , rhythmrhythm and and metermeter. .

All of the figurative All of the figurative language that you have language that you have practiced in the past will practiced in the past will come into play as we move come into play as we move through the unit.through the unit.

Types of poetry we will be Types of poetry we will be studying…studying… Free VerseFree Verse:: Poetry that does not have a Poetry that does not have a

regular meter or rhyme.regular meter or rhyme. Blank VerseBlank Verse:: unrhymed form of poetry unrhymed form of poetry

that normally consists of 10 syllables in that normally consists of 10 syllables in iambic pentameter.iambic pentameter.

Lyric:Lyric: poetry that focuses on expressing poetry that focuses on expressing emotion or thoughts rather than telling a emotion or thoughts rather than telling a story.story.

BalladBallad:: Poem in verse form that tells a Poem in verse form that tells a story. Ballad’s are usually set up in story. Ballad’s are usually set up in stanzas (4) and have a regular rhythm and stanzas (4) and have a regular rhythm and rhyme.rhyme.

Narrative Poem: Narrative Poem: Poem that tells a storyPoem that tells a story

Types of poetry we will be Types of poetry we will be studying…studying…

Haiku:Haiku: Japanese poetry Japanese poetry consisting of three lines. (5,7,5)consisting of three lines. (5,7,5) The structure of a Haiku is based on a particular syllable The structure of a Haiku is based on a particular syllable

count for each line(seventeen sounds); line one—5 beats, count for each line(seventeen sounds); line one—5 beats, line two, 7 beats, line three—5 beatsline two, 7 beats, line three—5 beats

Include a lot of ImageryInclude a lot of Imagery Subject is often tied to nature, Subject is often tied to nature,

common experience or the essence common experience or the essence of a momentof a moment

Ode:Ode: Complex generally long Complex generally long lyric poem on a serious subject.lyric poem on a serious subject. Formal/CeremonialFormal/Ceremonial Personal/ReflectivePersonal/Reflective

Types of poetry we will be Types of poetry we will be studying…studying…

The Sonnet: 14 line poemThe Sonnet: 14 line poem Italian SonnetItalian Sonnet (Petrarchan (Petrarchan): set up ): set up

in two parts—octave and a sestet.in two parts—octave and a sestet. Octave—stanza consisting of 8 lines.Octave—stanza consisting of 8 lines. Sestet—stanza consisting of 6 lines.Sestet—stanza consisting of 6 lines. The author will ask a question in the The author will ask a question in the

octave and answer it in the sestet.octave and answer it in the sestet. ABBAABBA, CDECDEABBAABBA, CDECDE

Sonnets cont…Sonnets cont…

Shakespearean SonnetShakespearean Sonnet (English): (English): A A sonnet with 3 quatrains and ending sonnet with 3 quatrains and ending with a couplet.with a couplet.

Quatrain—4 lined stanzaQuatrain—4 lined stanza Couplet—two lined stanzaCouplet—two lined stanza Question will be raised in the Question will be raised in the

quatrains and answered in the quatrains and answered in the couplet.couplet.

ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GGABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG

Some structures and types of Some structures and types of poetry we will be studying…poetry we will be studying…

Epigram:Epigram: brief, witty poem or brief, witty poem or saying often dealing with its subject saying often dealing with its subject in a satirical manner.in a satirical manner.

Epitaph:Epitaph: Short poem or verse Short poem or verse written in memory of someone/thing.written in memory of someone/thing.

Metaphysical Poetry:Metaphysical Poetry: poetry that poetry that focus’ on philosophy andfocus’ on philosophy and theology.theology.

Patterns of Poetry Patterns of Poetry RhymeRhyme:: repetition of accented vowel sounds and repetition of accented vowel sounds and

all sounds following them, in words that are close all sounds following them, in words that are close together in a poem. together in a poem.

Scheme—Scheme—the pattern of rhymes in a poemthe pattern of rhymes in a poem To indicate the rhyme scheme of a stanza or poem, use To indicate the rhyme scheme of a stanza or poem, use

a separate letter of the alphabet for each rhyme.a separate letter of the alphabet for each rhyme.

Perfect—Perfect—words that rhyme; words that rhyme; choicechoice and and voicevoice

Approximate/Slant—Approximate/Slant—when 2 words are alike in when 2 words are alike in some sounds, but do not rhyme exactlysome sounds, but do not rhyme exactly

End—End—rhyme at the end of linesrhyme at the end of lines

Internal– Internal– rhymes in the middle of a linerhymes in the middle of a line

Patterns of Poetry --RhymePatterns of Poetry --Rhyme

Poem #1—Gwendolyn Brooks

My last defense

Is the present tense.

It little hurts me now to know

I shall not go

Cathedral-hunting in Spain

Nor cherrying in Michigan or Maine.

Poem #2—Edgar Allan Poe

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak

And weary.

1. Identify the end rhymes in the poem #1.

2. Identify the perfect rhymes in poem #1.

3. Identify an example of slant rhyme poem #1.

4. Identify an internal rhyme in poem #2.

5. Identify the rhyme scheme of poem #1.

The Rhyme and Rhythm in PoetryThe Rhyme and Rhythm in Poetry RhythmRhythm:: a musical quality produced by the a musical quality produced by the

repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables, or repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables, or by the repetition of certain other sound patterns, in by the repetition of certain other sound patterns, in poetry.poetry.

Meter:Meter: is the patterned repetition of stressed and is the patterned repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.

Foot/Verse:Foot/Verse: is the smallest repeated pattern of is the smallest repeated pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poetic line.stressed and unstressed syllables in a poetic line.

Iamb:Iamb: an an unstressedunstressed followed by a followed by a stressedstressed syllable syllable (repeat)(repeat)

Iambic pentameter: Iambic pentameter: a line of poetry that contains five a line of poetry that contains five iambs for a line total of 10 syllable. (5+5=10) iambs for a line total of 10 syllable. (5+5=10)

Iambic tetrameter: Iambic tetrameter: a line of poetry that contains four beats a line of poetry that contains four beats or iambs for a line total of ______or iambs for a line total of ______

By day the bat is cousin to the mouse.By day the bat is cousin to the mouse.

He likes the attic of an aging house.He likes the attic of an aging house.--from “ The Bat”, Theodore Roethke--from “ The Bat”, Theodore Roethke

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Stanza:Stanza: is a division of poetry named for is a division of poetry named for the number of lines it contains.the number of lines it contains.

Refrain: Refrain: reoccurring phrase, stanza, chorus reoccurring phrase, stanza, chorus

Mood:Mood: feeling a piece of poetry tries to feeling a piece of poetry tries to convey to the reader.convey to the reader.

Tone:Tone: is the overall feeling , or effect, is the overall feeling , or effect, created by a writer’s use of words. created by a writer’s use of words.

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit Parody:Parody: form of writing intended to mock form of writing intended to mock

a particular literary work or its style; comic a particular literary work or its style; comic effect effect

Alliteration:Alliteration: is the repetition of initial is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words such asconsonant sounds in words such as

““Open here I Open here I flflung the shuung the shutttter, when, with many er, when, with many a a flflirt and irt and flfluutttter...” er...”

““fl” sound and “t” sound--fl” sound and “t” sound--**What are the other 2?**What are the other 2?

Assonance:Assonance: is the repetition of vowel is the repetition of vowel sounds without the repetition of sounds without the repetition of consonants. consonants. “M“Myy words l words liike ske siilent ralent raiin n drops fell…” drops fell…”

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Enjambment:Enjambment: the running over of a the running over of a sentence or thought from one line to sentence or thought from one line to another.another.

Canto:Canto: main division of a long poem main division of a long poem Metonymy:Metonymy: Substitution of 1 word Substitution of 1 word

for another that is closely related.for another that is closely related. Syntax:Syntax: Word order/placement Word order/placement Paradox:Paradox: contradictory sentence in contradictory sentence in

a line or piece of writing/poetry.a line or piece of writing/poetry.

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Conceit:Conceit: brief metaphor; makes a brief metaphor; makes a surprising connection between two surprising connection between two dissimilar things.dissimilar things.

Antithesis:Antithesis: opposition or contrast of idea opposition or contrast of idea in poetryin poetry

Motif:Motif: reoccurring theme, idea reoccurring theme, idea

Understatement:Understatement: stating an idea with stating an idea with restraint or holding back to emphasize restraint or holding back to emphasize what is being talked about throughout the what is being talked about throughout the poem.poem.

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Caesura:Caesura: a pause or sudden break a pause or sudden break in a line of poetry.in a line of poetry.

Imagery:Imagery: language that appeals to language that appeals to our 5 senses.our 5 senses.

PersonificationPersonification: giving human : giving human characteristic to inhuman objects.characteristic to inhuman objects.

Symbol:Symbol: a noun that represents a noun that represents something greater than itselfsomething greater than itself

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Onomatopoeia:Onomatopoeia: the use of a word the use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning, whose sound suggests its meaning, as in clang or buzz.as in clang or buzz.

Hyperbole:Hyperbole: excessive use of excessive use of exaggeration to express strong exaggeration to express strong emotion.emotion.

Metaphor:Metaphor: a comparison of two a comparison of two unlike things in which no word of unlike things in which no word of comparison (like or as) is used.comparison (like or as) is used. ““The school is a prison”The school is a prison”

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

3 types of Metaphors3 types of Metaphors DirectDirect—Comp. is directly stated.—Comp. is directly stated. ImpliedImplied—Comp. is implied by the —Comp. is implied by the

line of poetry. “Time shall waste line of poetry. “Time shall waste away his wings”away his wings”

ExtendedExtended—the comparison is —the comparison is taken throughout the entire poem.taken throughout the entire poem.

Literary Terms for Poetry UnitLiterary Terms for Poetry Unit

Simile:Simile: a comparison using like or a comparison using like or as. “She looks like a wet dog!”as. “She looks like a wet dog!”

Dramatic Monologue:Dramatic Monologue: literary work literary work (piece of poetry) in which a character (piece of poetry) in which a character (speaker) is speaking about him or (speaker) is speaking about him or herself as if another person were herself as if another person were present.present.

Inner MonologueInner Monologue: Talking to ones : Talking to ones self. (in your head)self. (in your head)