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Research Methodology

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References

Cooper & Schindler (2004) Business Research Methods. New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Co.

Other Reference1. Best, John W, : Research In education, Prentice hall of

India, New Delhi2. Wolf Howard K and P.R Pant: “Social Science Research

& Thesis Writing”, Research Division, Kirtipur3. Goode William J,and Paul K Hatt: “ Methods in Social

Research”, Megraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd4. Research Methodology:, Kothari

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Chapter 1: Introduction

1. Meaning and Importance of Research 2. Classification of Research 3. Research in engineering functions.4. The research process5. Research as a scientific Process6. When not to conduct a research7. Ethical Issues Governing research functions

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Meaning & DefinitionResearch is composed of re and search which indicate search again & again to meet meaningful objectives.

The dictionary meaning of research is careful study or investigation.

Social Research is systematic study & investigation of social issues & problems to find out some things about that issue which is useful to society.

The systematic study/research composed of many activities i.e. rectify the social issues or problems, collection of information with clearly defined steps, analysis of data, presenting data, etc.

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Defined by AuthorsAccording to kurt lewin (1988)Social Research is systematic method of exploring, analyzing, conceptualizing social life in order to extend, correct or verify knowledge aid in the construction of theory or in the practice of an art.

According to John W.Best (2002)Research may to defined as systematic and objective analysis andrecording of controlled observations that may lead to development of organizations, principles & possibility ultimate control of events.

According to Kothari (2002)Research is an systematic investigation to find solution to a problem.

Cooper & Schindler (2003) Research in any organization is the inquiry carried out to provide information for solving problem.

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Defined by Authors

According to Fred N. kerlinger(2004)Scientific research is systematic controlled, empirical & critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among the natural phenomenon.

According to Wolf & Pant (2005)Research activities are deigned to discover knowledge aid in answering specific questions or issues.

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The Researchis direct towards the solutions of the problems.

is based upon observable experience or empirical evidence.

demands accurate observations & description.

involves gathering new data from primary or frost hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose.

requires expertise and courage necessary to carry out investigation, search the related literature & to understand & analyze the data gathered.

involves the quest for answers to unsolved problems.

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Types of Research

Fundamental Research

Research related to verify existing theories, refining, modification or restating the theories or interpreting new theories.

Applied Research

Research which is associated with specific problem & have immediate practice application. It aims at finding out a solution for an immediate problem faced by a society.

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Characteristics of good researchThe purpose of research should be clearly defined & common concepts are used.

The procedural design of research should be carefully planed to estimate their effect upon finding or to yield results that one set in objective.

Data should be adequate & authentic for analysis & the method ofanalysis used should be appropriate.

The reliability & validity of the data should the checked carefully.

Conduction should be confined, justified by the data of research and be limited to those for which it can provide with an adequate basis.

Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher isexperience has a good reputation in research.

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Importance of Research

To generate new knowledge-explore the reality.

To describe the phenomenon under investigation.

To frame verifiable generalization and understanding that explain how the variable involve in the situation behave.

To generate more knowledge & understanding of the phenomenon that occur & to build theories based on research result.

To refine the existing method & to develop new & more effective method design & procedure.

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Quality of Good Research

SystematicLogicalEmpiricalReplicable

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Theories/Assumptions

Apply the established theories

Engineering

Identify Problems

ResearchFinding of Research

Improve Performance

Engineering. Activities

Research in Engineering Functions

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Rectify problem & identify the variables causing it or related with it.

Go through exiting knowledge on the issue or reference

Construct models or to formulate research questions or hypothesis for testing.

Collect & analyze the facts, evidence or information to identifythe interrelationship between or among variables.

Build theories or understand & generalize the phenomenon or throw insights into the problem under investigation to analyze

predict & control the situation.

Presenting the result/writing report.

Research Process

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Turn your idea into a research question

Review the literature

Design the study and develop your methods

Writing your research proposal

Issues about funding

Obtain ethical and Trust approval

Collect and collate the data

Analyze the data and interpret findings

Reporting and dissemination

Research Process

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When not to Conduct Research

The expected outcomes of the research is;Already established / identify Not useful for society/ human beingMay have negative impact to society.

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Ethical issues governing research function

Every research requires the consent from the researcher

Almost all research guarantees the participants confidentiality -- they are assured that identifying information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study

Principle of anonymity which essentially means that the participant will remain anonymous throughout the study -- even to the researchers themselves

Researchers have had to deal with the ethical issue of a person's right to service / right to live

Researchers should aware about the social and legal issues , importance of research and impact of the ongoing research in society

Researcher should not involved for a research works if it’s expected outcome may be harmful for society/ Human being/ countries.