what is spectroscopy? it is the study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation (gamma...
TRANSCRIPT
What is spectroscopy?
It is the study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation
(gamma rays down to radio waves)Matter can interact with microwaves, radiowaves
Microwaves tuned to absorption frequency of water that is why the food gets hot.
What do you need to study spectroscopy?
Four fundamental components necessary to do spectroscopy Radiation source Sample Detector Dispersive element
UV Vis spectroscopy
Main focus is UV Vis spectroscopy Near IR into ultraviolet Other forms far IR or microwave or Xray all will
have similar elements... detectors will vary UV Vis- principle type of spectroscopy IR is very similar- UV and IR most used
UV Vis (and near IR-NIR)
250nm ---> 1000nm
3 ways to do spec
Absorption Excitation Emission
Radiation Sources Commonly used sources
Lasers– excitation source in spectroscopy
ideal excitation source for certain experiments (next week lecture on lasers) Not only great source but principles of operations intertwined with
spec.... Lasers designed based on spectroscopic principles
Atomic lamps
Mercury-Hydrogen,etc (fluorescent bulbs are mercury)
Broad spectrum UV
High pressure xenon lamp- xenon arc lamp Use quartz b/c transparent to UV- xenon gas- in and very bright-
very broad spectrum- useful for a wide variety of experiment
Tungsten lamp- like light bulb- visible light (not as expensive)
Halogen lamps
LEDs- Light emitting diodes
Experiment
How can we select only 500nm from a broad spectrum lamp?
Light is coming out of the bulb Filter the light
Sharp cut filter- everything below 510nm Still leaves 250 to 510nm Second filter out UV
Simpler way is dispersive devices-
Dispersive devices
Filters Prism- Optical device- put in light and then
comes out with range of colors
Light in-------> Refractive
Diffraction Grating--- Reflective – come off wavelength is angle
dependent- used in monochrometer
Sample----> Detectors What can be a detector? Eyeball- light detection Photodiode- electronic device- photon in --
>current Photomultiplier tube- Multiple photo diodes Single photon in- strike- release electrons--->
hit another grid---> releases more- cascading effect- one photon release millions of electrons
Extremely sensitive CCD- charged coupled device- in cameras (Diffraction grating coupled to detector Mirrors---monochromater)