what is sport psychology presentation

8/3/2019 What is Sport Psychology Presentation

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Contemporary Issues in Sport

and Exercise Psychology

Missouri Western State UniversityWilliam Russell, PhD, Dept. of HPER


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What is Sport Psychology?

2 main objectives:1. To understand how

psychological factors affect inindividuals performance

2. To understand how participationin sport and exercise affectsones psychological

development, health, and well-being.


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What Sport and Exercise PsychologistsDo:

Research role

Teaching role

Consulting role

Policy Making / advocating role


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Global Sport Psychology Specialties:

1. Clinical Sport Psychology

Have training in PSYCHOLOGY to learn about diagnose and treatemotional disorders

Licensed by state boards to treat clinical conditions

Have additional training in sports & exercise sciences

2. Educational Sport Psychology:

Extensive training in sport sciences have large background inpsychology

Serves as mental coach / mental trainer works throughindividual/group sessions and teaches the development of

psychological skills


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Sport and Exercise PsychologyOrientations:1. Psychophysiological

Orientation:

Best way to study behaviorduring sport / exercise is byexamining physiological

processes in the brain; brain-body connections

EX: using biofeedback to trainbiathletes to shoot betweenheartbeats; examiningchanges in serotonin asexplanation for psychological

benefit of exercise


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Sport and Exercise PsychologyOrientations:2. Social Psychological

Orientation

Assumption is behavior isdetermined by interchangebetween person and theirenvironment

EX: How does leader behaviorinfluence team cohesion; Arepeople with high SPA morecomfortable in same-genderexercise settings?


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Sport and Exercise PsychologyOrientations:3. Cognitive-Behavioral

Orientation:

Emphasis is on athletes /

exercisers thoughts andbehaviors

EX: Is there a self-fulfillingprophecy linking self-talk andbatting slumps?


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Main Organizations involved in Sport andExercise Psychology:

International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP)

www.issponline.org

North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and PhysicalActivity (NASPSPA)

www.naspspa.org

The Sport Psychology Academy (SPA) www.aahperd.org

Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP)

www.aaasponline.org

American Psychological Association Div. 47 (APA, Div. 47)

www.psyc.unt.edu/apadiv47

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

www.acsm.org

The United States Olympic Committee (USOC)

www.usoc.org
http://www.issponline.org/http://www.naspspa.org/http://www.aahperd.org/http://www.aaasponline.org/http://www.psyc.unt.edu/apadiv47http://www.acsm.org/http://www.usoc.org/http://www.usoc.org/http://www.acsm.org/http://www.psyc.unt.edu/apadiv47http://www.aaasponline.org/http://www.aahperd.org/http://www.naspspa.org/http://www.issponline.org/


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Membership Comparisons of AAASP andNASPSPA:

Interest Areas

Ex. & Sp Psych Motor Learning / Control Motor Development

n = 258 n=266 n=155

38% 39% 23%

Psychologists Sport Science Others:

N=495 N=572 N=40

45% 52% 3%


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Applied Sport Psychology: Sport

Psychology and Its Growing Pains: Concerned with extending theory/research to educate coaches,

athletes, and parents regarding goals for facilitating optimal sportinvolvement and performance,

Usually involves individual/group consulting and counseling

Many specific concepts (goal setting, imagery, concentration, relaxation,

imagery) BUT General goal is teaching athletes mental skills necessary to perform consistently

and realize their potential as people and athletes.

Focal Areas of Applied Sport Psychology:

1. Performance enhancement / intervention

2. Social Psychology

3. Health and Exercise


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1. Performance Enhancement /Intervention: Focus is on performance

improvements in anyachievement setting

Also concerned with effectsof interventions on well-being of sport / exerciseparticipants

Examples:

Stress Inoculation

Training (SIT) withathletes

Attentional Trainingeffectiveness

Flow experiences in sport


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2. Social Psychology Emphasis

Uses theory / research to focus ongroup processes in sport & exercisesettings

Social factors are examined as theyrelate to athletes, coach, team, andspectators

Examples of special interests:

Achievement motivation(Achievement Goal Theory)

Moral development through sport

Peer relationships in physical activityand sport

Youth sports (The reverse-dependency trap)

Social Physique Anxiety in Sport andExercise Settings (A problem at bothends of the spectrum)


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3. Health and Exercise:

Focuses on role of psych. Factors inexercise; as they pertain to resistanceto disease development & remediation,coping with stress, and healthpromotion

Primary interest is link between mentaland physical health.

Examples of special interest areas:

Problem-focused vs. emotion focusedcoping and health

Hardiness and disease risk (Control,Challenge, Commitment)

Exercise and Psychoneuroimmunology Psychological benefits of exercise


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Major Splits in Recent Years within theField:

Sport Psychology

HealthPsychology

ExercisePsychology

SportPsychology


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Why the Need for Exercise Psychology?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Physical

Inactivity

Smoking

Chol

HighBP

Prevalence of risk factors for CHD in the generalUS population for 1980 - 2005


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Why the Need for Exercise Psychology?


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Behaviors are easier to maintain in environments that are

supportive of that behavior- for better .. Or worse


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Sample Interest Areas within ExercisePsychology: Designing exercise programs to maximize

psych. Benefits

Exercise addictions

Exercise adoption, maintenance, andadherence

Exercise as a stress management technique

Gender / Sex-role influences on exercise

Overuse injuries in exercise settings

The runners/exercisers high

Psychotherapeutic influences of exercise for

depression

Psychological benefits for specificpopulations


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The Certification Issue: AAASPRequired Coursework for becoming an AAASP certified consultant

EITHER SPORT SCIENCE OR PSYCHOLOGY COURSES

Courses Description

1. Professional ethics 1 course

2. Sport psychology 3 courses in all subdisciplines

3. Research Design, Stats or 1 course in any of these areas

psychological assessment4. Biological bases of behavior 1 course in comparative

psychology; physio psychology

5. Cognitive Affective bases Course in cognition, motordevelopment or motor learning

6. Social Bases of behavior 1 course in social psychology


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Achievement Goal Theory:

3 major factors in determining the motivation levelsof children in youth sport settings:

1. Goal Orientation

Task-orientation success is defined as self-referentimprovement

Ego-orientation success is defined by social comparison andout-doing others

2. Motivational Climate Mastery climate focus is on learning, effort, cooperative strategies, and

skill development

Performance climate competitive, beating teammates, demonstrating

superiority over others3. Perceived ability

High greater competence

Low less competence


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Ego-oriented children seek competence through comparison


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Ego orientation may undermine the value attached to fairness and justiceinsport settings


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Who would you most want to have as ayoung athlete?

Hi task/hi ego?

Hi task/low ego?

Low task/High ego?

Low task/Low ego?

what is sport psychology presentation

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