•What is symbiosis?•What are the different kinds of

symbiosis?•Examples

SYMBIOSIS

What is symbiosis?

What it means: •Two organisms that live together•Temporarily or for a longer time•At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

Literal definition: the act of living together

PREDATION• Organism that captures, kills and eats

another ( prey)Adaptations: sense of smell.eyesight web of spiders heat sensitive pit ofrattlesnakesSharp teeth Tiger stripesSpeedclimbing

Adaptations of Prey

• Ability to flee quickly• Hiding- camouflage• Resembles other organisms• Colorations• Spines, thorns, foul odor

Mimicry-harmless species looks/acts like harmful one

Movie Examples

• Example 1 9 minutes

• Osprey hunting fish

Physical adaptations

are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself,

and to reproduce its species.

Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.

Hey! I’m a walking

stick. I look just like a

stick you’d find on the

ground.

© A. Weinberg

Physical adaptation

Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)

The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?

Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living

organism)

The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?

Poisonous

Not poisonous

Physical adaptation

I’m the Monarch!

I’m the Viceroy!

Herbivore eats plants

• Plant Adaptations:

Plant defense: Thorns, spines, sticky hares

Chemical defense-poison, irritating needles, bad taste

Medical use: morphine, atropine, codeine,

What are the different kinds of symbiosis?

Mutualism ParasitismCommensalismboth

organisms benefit

one organism benefits

one organism benefits

one organism

is unaffecte

d

one organism

is harmed

Parasitism• One benefits the other one harmed

• Parasites in the stomach• Wasps and aphids• Largest tapeworm: • The largest ever recorded in a

human being was, I believe, 20 m (about 66 feet

Parasitism: one benefits, one is

harmed

Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls

Ants lay eggs on

acacia treeAcacia

covers the infected area with

brown flesh (gall)

Parasitism: one benefits, one is

harmed

Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye

Worm infects human blood

streamHuman may go

blind

Kinds of Parasites:• Ectoparasites: external parasite- tick,

flea, lice leech, lamprey, mosquito

• Endoparasite: bacteria, protists, tapeworms

• Host Defense against a parasite:– Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system

– Adaptations: hooks, suckers, etc.

C. Competition

• 1. competitive exclusion

• 2. character displacement

• 3. resource partitioning

D. Mutualism

• Ex’s

• Protozoan and termites• Plants and bees• Aphids and ants

• More…

Mutualism: both benefit

Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish

Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal

Mutualism: both benefit

Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird

Antelope gets rid of

parasites Oxbird gets a meal

E. Commensalism

• Ex’s• Ex 2• EX:

• Spanish moss in trees

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Example 3: Cattle with cattle

egretsCattle stir up insects

as they eat grass

Egrets hang

around and eat insects

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Example 4: Clown fish with anemone

Clown fish gets

protection Anemone is unaffected

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