what is the difference between a conservative and a liberal? what are some conservative beliefs?...
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An Age of Ideologies
:New systems of
thought and belief
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Quickwrite:What is the difference between
a conservative and a liberal? What are some conservative beliefs? What are some liberal beliefs?
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New political philosophies:A legacy of the French Revolution
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Liberte (Liberty): › led to liberalism
Egalite (Equality): › led to socialism
Fraternite (Fraternity): › led to nationalism & imperialism
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Industrial Revolution influences
new political philosophies
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New wealth› Possessed by bourgeois
New working conditions› Experienced by socialists
New trade patterns› Internal competition in Europe› Imperialist expansion
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Conservatives of the 1800s
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Appealed to: Monarchs, noble-landowners,
church leaders› Approved of a social order where
the lower classes obeyed the upper class
› Backed the idea of an established church
Peasants› Wanted to preserve traditional
ways
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Believed… talk of natural rights and a
constitutional government would only lead to chaos
change must come slowly
their work benefited all people by maintaining peace and stability
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Actions Formed “Concert of
Europe”› group of monarchs who worked together to suppress revolutionary ideas in Europe
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Liberals of the 1800s
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Appealed to: The bourgeoisie – the
‘middle class’› business owners, bankers, lawyers, politicians
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Believed government should be based on:
a written constitution Separation of powers protection of natural rights
of indivudiuals Idea of a republic
› wanted rulers elected by the people
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But… government’s main job was
to protect basic rights
NOT TO…› interfere with business› strongly supported laissez faire economics – saw the free market as “opportunity” for all
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Hmmmmm….Where do the working class citizens fit in??
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Rise of Nationalism in
the 1800s
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Nationalism extreme pride in your nation gives people a sense of
identity
Early 1800s - groups with shared heritage set out to win their own states› Goal: create their own homeland
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Revolutions of 1830 and 1848
Serbs against Ottoman empire
Greeks revolt against Ottomans
French rebels fight for constitutional monarch
Belgium wins indepence Poles fight (but fail) France revolts again…
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Revolution surges through Europe
Middle class wanted a greater share of political power
Workers demand wanted relief from miseries
Nationalists of ALL classes wanted to be rid of foreign rule