what makes web 2.0 applications unique?
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what makes Web 2.0 applications unique?. 30 October 2006 Wesley Willett CS260. Web 2.0 According to O’Reilly. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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what makes Web 2.0 applications unique?
30 October 2006Wesley Willett
CS260
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Web 2.0 According to O’Reilly
• “Web 2.0 is the network as platform, spanning all connected devices; Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most of the intrinsic advantages of that platform: delivering software as a continually-updated service that gets better the more people use it, consuming and remixing data from multiple sources, including individual users, while providing their own data and services in a form that allows remixing by others, creating network effects through an "architecture of participation," and going beyond the page metaphor of Web 1.0 to deliver rich user experiences.” - Tim O'Reilly October 01, 2005
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Outline• From Early Hypertext to Web 2.0
– Implementing aspirations of hypertext pioneers
– What “2.0” adds that “1.0” lacked– A group discussion exercise
• Authorship and Information Aggregation in Blogs, Wikis, and Beyond (time permitting)
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Drawing on Readings• Millard, D. E. and Ross, M. 2006. Web
2.0: Hypertext by Any Other Name?. In HT’06.
• Carter, S. 2005. The Role of the Author in Topical Blogs. In CHI 2005.
• Walker, J. 2005. Feral Hypertext. In HT’05.
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Disclaimer (2.0)
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Web 2.0: Hypertext by Any Other Name?
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Vannevar Bush | MemexAs We May Think - 1945
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Ted Nelson | “Hypertext” 1965
Doug Engelbart | oNLine System“Mother of all Demos” - 1968
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Lippman, MIT | Aspen Movie Map1st hypermedia system - 1978
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Vision of hypertext/hypermedia
• A non-linear medium of information• Not just the WWW
• To look at:– How well do “Web 2.0” systems
implement/refine “ideal” hypertext/hypermedia models?
– How are they better than “Web 1.0”?– An interesting lens through which to examine
what makes these new systems unique, useful.
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Aspirations of Hypertext | Millard & Ross
SearchStructureAdaptive
VersioningAuthoring
5 major categories
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Aspirations of Hypertext | Millard & Ross
As we step through:• What systems realize these
aspirations?• How well do they do so?• What are the implications for how
we use these systems?
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Aspirations | Search• Content • Context• Structural
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Web 2.0 | Search• Content: Explicit text search
(Prevalent in 1.0)
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Web 2.0 | Search• Context: Implicating tags and other
metadata • Structural: Not commonly seen.
Examples?
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Aspirations | Structure & Content
• Typed n-ary links• Composition• Extended navigation structures• User Trails
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Web 2.0 | Structure & Content
• Typed n-ary links: Only in research systems?
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Web 2.0 | Structure & Content
• Composition: ex) Flickr photo collections
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Web 2.0 | Structure & Content
• Extended navigation structures: ex) last.fm Tag Radio
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Web 2.0 | Structure & Content
• User Trails: ex) Amazon
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Aspirations | Dynamic / Adaptive
• Content • Structures• Computation over the network• Personalization
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Web 2.0 | Dynamic / Adaptive
• Content: – Low-level support with php,
javascript, etc.– Higher-level paradigms like AJAX– ex) much of the modern web
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Web 2.0 | Dynamic / Adaptive
• Structures: ex) Flickr Explore
ex) Digg Spy
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Web 2.0 | Dynamic / Adaptive
• Computation over the network: ex) web-based productivity
apps.
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Web 2.0 | Dynamic / Adaptive
• Personalization: ex) My Yahoo!, Everything!
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Aspirations | Versioning • Entity• Network
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Web 2.0 | Versioning• Entity - Wikis, but not much else.
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Web 2.0 | Versioning• Network: twiki, etc.
Also, versioning entire apps incrementally– “End of the software release cycle.”
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Aspirations | Authoring • Private Annotation• Public Annotation• Global Collaboration• Restricted Collaboration• Extensibility
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Web 2.0 | Authoring• Private Annotation:
ex) primitive blogs, editing basic html
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Web 2.0 | Authoring• Public Annotation:
ex) blogging + comments
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Web 2.0 | Authoring• Global Collaboration:
ex) review/commendation systems
ex) Wikipedia
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Web 2.0 | Authoring• Extensibility: Public APIs
http://programmableweb.com/apis
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Millard and Ross, HT06
How do the Applications Stack Up?
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Which of these aspirations do Web 2.0 apps fulfill?
Content Search Context Search
Structural SearchTyped n-ary links
Composition Extending
Navigation Structures
User Trails Dynamic Content
Dynamic Structures Computation over
Network Personalization Versioning Private Annotations Public Annotations Restricted
Collaboration Global Collaboration Extensibility
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What other aspects of modern web apps aren’t
covered here? • Millard & Ross only look at Flickr,
a few wikis/blogs• What about social networks? • Doesn’t address interface
richness
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Some Questions• Which of these aspirations do specific
web apps fulfill?• How much of this is application
dependent?– Are some of Millard & Ross’ ideals not
useful or practical for many systems?• Are these attributes useful criteria to
consider when classifying, analyzing, and designing web applications?
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O’Reilly | Classifying Web 2.0 Apps
• Another very different way of grouping these applications.
• “A hierarchy of ‘Web 2.0-ness’.”
http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/07/levels_of_the_game.html
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O’Reilly | Classifying Web 2.0 Apps
• Level 0: App would work as well offline from a local data cache– ex) MapQuest
• Level 1: App can and does exist offline, but gains features online– ex) Writely
• Level 2: App could exist offline, but uniquely benefits by being online– ex) Flickr
• Level 3: App could only exist on the net– ex) Craigslist
http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/07/levels_of_the_game.html
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An Exercise
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An Exercise
• Millard & Ross’ Ideals– Search
• Content, Context, Structure– Structure
• Composition, Navigation Structures, User Trails
– Adaptive/Dynamic• Dynamic Content & Structures,
Computation over the Network, Personalization
– Versioning• Entity, Network
– Authoring• Private, Public, Collaboration,
Extensibility
• O’Reilly’s Hierarchy– Level 0: Web adds little– Level 1: Minor benefits– Level 2: Unique
benefits– Level 3: Could only
exist online
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Although if we did just want to find out…
http://web2.0validator.com
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Blogs, Wikis, & Beyond
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Blurring the Distinctions Between Authors and
Readers• Blogging & Comments• Wikis• Ratings (& meta-ratings)
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Blogs | Accumulating and Digesting Information
• Information from a variety of sources.- Posts reference other blogs, outside sources,
and introduce new material.- Multiple authors create and digest content
and structure through posts, links, and comments.
- Success, conflict resolution largely gauged via popularity and stickiness of the content.
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Frequency of Link and Quote Sources in Selected Topical
Blogs
Scott Carter,The Role of the Author in Topical Blogs. HT’05
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Other Models of Accumulating Information
ex) Wikipedia
ex)Urban Dictionary
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Jill Walker | Feral Hypertext
• “Massive possibility for collaboration and emergence in the network creates truly feral and uncontrollable hypertext.”
– Wikipedia, Flickr, CiteULike, del.icio.us as examples of feral structures.
– Important to consider how to make them navigable.
Jill Walker, Feral Hypertext:When Hypertext Literature Escapes Control. HT’05
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A Few Final Questions• How successful are these systems
at creating and structuring content?
• What are the implications of multiple authorship?
• How do we design web interaction to better facilitate/convey it?