what parts make up the circulatory system? heart vessels veins arteries venules arterioles...
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What parts make up the circulatory system?HeartVessels
VeinsArteriesVenulesArteriolesCapillaries
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Why do we need it?Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from themPulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit
Pulmonary refers to the lungs; blood moving to or from the lungs
Systemic refers to the transportation of oxygen rich blood to all the different parts of the body and the removal of wastes from the cells
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What are the parts of the heart?Label this diagram using your book.
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Layers of the heartPericardium-membrane around the heart2 layersPericardial cavity-filled with serous fluid
Reduces friction between membrane and heart
Wall of heart has 3 layersEpicardium-reduce friction (made of adipose and
connective tissue); made of arteries and veins of the heartMyocardium-thick and made of cardiac muscle; high
blood flow hereEndocardium-has blood vessels and purkinje fibers (fibers
that help to coordinate the contraction of the heart; work with SA and AV node by carrying impulses to the myocardium)
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Valves-who needs them?Prevents backflow of bloodValve regulated by papillary muscles (pull on
tendons) and chordae tendinae (pull on valve)Atrioventricular valves-valves between atrium and
ventricleTricupsid-b/w RA and RVMitral Valve (bicupsid valve)-b/w LA and LV
Prolapse-valve cusps bulge into the LASemilunar Valves
Pulmonary valve-right ventricle leading into pulmonary artery
Aortic Valve-valve before the aorta
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Why do we need veins, arteries, and capillaries?Highway around the body!How are each different?
Veins-transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart Need to have valves-prevent backflow of blood Thinner walls Not as much pressure Vena cava (inferior and superior) Venules-smaller veins that lead from the capillaries to
the veins
Heart has coronary veins
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Arteries-take oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the bodyStrong and elasticHave endothelium tissue that is smooth prevent
blood clotsHigh pressureMade of 3 layers
Tunica interna-inner most; provides smooth surface to prevent clots; help to dialate and constrict bv
Tunica media-middle; bulk of artery Tunica externa-thin; attaches artery to surrounding tissue
Arterioles-connect arteries to capillariesAorta
Vasoconstriction-reduce diameter and contractVasodialation-increase diameter and relax
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CapillariesSmallestSemipermeable layer of cellsMuscles have a large number of these
whereas cartilage doesn’t (due to metabolic rate)
Allows oxygen to leave the blood that is in the capillaries and enter tissue. Allows wastes or carbon dioxide from tissues to leave the cells and enter the blood in the capillariesOsmosis, filtration, diffusion
Tons are in the lung alveoli
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Arteriosclerosis vs artherosclerosis
Artherosclerosis-build up of plaque on walls of arteries
Arteriosclerosis-fat hardens and causes the artery to lose elasticity
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Arteriosclerosis
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Heart vesselsCoronary arteries exit
out of the aorta into left and right coronary arteries
Cardiac veins-bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium or coronary sinus
Blockage in the arteries causes a heart attack or myocardial infarction
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Pathway from the right atrium back to the right atriumRight atriumTricupsid valveRight ventriclePulmonary valvePulmonary arteryLungs (capillaries of the
alveoli)Oxygen diffuses into the
capillaries from the tissue and carbon dioxide leaves the capillaries and enter the tissue
Pulmonary veinLeft atriumMitral valveLeft ventricleAortic ValveAorta
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ArteriesArteriolesCapillaries (exchange of gases and
wastes)oxygen leaves the blood from the capillaries and into the tissue; carbon dioxide leaves the tissue and into the blood of the capillaries
Venules (valves)Veins (valves)Inferior or superior vena cavaRight atrium