what requirements do the fish in the aquarium need to survive?
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WHAT REQUIREMENTS DO THE FISH IN THE AQUARIUM NEED TO SURVIVE?. WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF FISH FROM A LAKE WERE ADDED TO THE AQUARIUM?. MARINE. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. FRESHWATER. FRESHWATER MARINE. A Q U A T I C E C O S Y S T E MS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WHAT REQUIREMENTS DO THE FISH IN THE AQUARIUM NEED TO
SURVIVE?
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF FISH FROM A LAKE WERE ADDED TO
THE AQUARIUM?
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
FRESHWATER MARINE
FRESHWATER MARINE
A Q U A T I C E C O S Y S T E MSDetermined by salinity: amt of
dissolved salts the water contains
This results in two categories of ecosystems:
Freshwater and Marine
FRESHWATER MARINE WATER
Lakes & ponds = sluggish waters
Rivers & streams = moving waters
Wetland: land periodically underwater (marsh & swamp)
Coastal areas (marsh, swamp, coral reef)
Deep vast oceans
CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
TEMPERATURESUNLIGHTOXYGENNUTRIENTS**Determines which organisms live in which
areas of the water
Organisms are grouped by their LOCATION & ADAPTATIONS
PLANKTON: organisms that float near surface of water
A. Phytoplankton=microscopic plantsB. Zooplankton= microscopic animals
NEKTON: free-swimming organisms (fish, turtles, whales)
BENTHOS: Bottom-dwelling organisms (mussels, worms, barnacles) * many live attached
to hard surfaces-sessile
LIFE IN A LAKEStructured into Horizontal & Vertical Zones
Littoral Zone: Near shore (Diverse & abundant life)
Pelagic (open) Water: Photosynthesis
Benthic Zone: Deep water no photosynthesis
ADAPTATIONS TO LIVE IN POND/LAKE
Whiskers help catfish sense food as they swim over dark lake bottoms
In areas where lakes partially
freeze, amphibians burrow into the littoral mud to avoid freezing temps
WATER MOLECULESSolid water (ice) is less dense
than liquid water (the opposite is true for almost every other substance)
If water didn’t have this unique property, little aquatic life would exist outside the tropics b/c in winter, ice would sink and lakes & ponds would freeze solid, killing aquatic organisms
THE GREAT LAKES(HOMES)
Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario - form the largest surface freshwater system on the Earth.
The Great Lakes hold 21 % of the world's surface fresh water.
More than 30 million people live in the Great Lakes basin, and the daily activities of these people, from the water consumed to the waste returned, directly affects the Great Lakes environment.
LAKE BAIKALLARGEST,DEEPEST,& CLEAREST
FRESHWATER LAKE Located in Siberia Largest Freshwater Lake
(~20% ) If able to pull plug on the lake it would take all the water in the Great Lakes to fill it again
Deepest -more than a mile in some places
Very clear-one can see 130 ft beneath surface
LAKE BAIKAL Surface temp ranging
from high 30s to low 60s OF
Entire lake frozen 5 months out of year
The word “Baikal” is thought to be derived from Kurykan, a language spoken by the local people around 1,300 years ago, which means “much water.”
CLEARNESS--Baikal epischura
Partially attributed to population of small crayfish;
which eats algae & other
particulates that would lower
visibility
FRESHWATER SEAL
Home to one of the
worlds few freshwater
seals species, Nerpa
NERPA FUN FACTSTo survive long swims under ice and deep
diving conditions, they have four more pints of blood than any other seal—enabling them to go without fresh air for 70 minutes!
And they are capable of diving to almost 1,000 feet below the water’s surface!
Their hidden dens are carved out of snow and ice, and are entered underwater from below the iced-over winter lake.
MORE FRESH OXYGEN Unlike all other deep lakes of the world where
the lower depths are dead, asphyxiated by hydrogen sulfide and other gases, Lake Baikal's deep waters are blanketed in fresh oxygen.
It has only been in the past five years that scientists have discovered thermal springs beating up from the bottom of Baikal.
The release of hot, oxygenated water from underwater vents mixed by two horizontal currents and by rising and falling vertical currents may explain why the water is alive with aquatic life.
Another Interesting AnimalExists exclusively
in these waters is a fish that composes much of the Nerpa’s diet, called a Golomyanka.
A translucent body and no scales, it is unusual in many ways.
Golomyanka A particularly fatty fish (up
to 30% of its body composed of oil), it is able to withstand high pressure from deep water, and also adapt to the much less-pressurized water closer to the surface
Contains so much fat that, if left out of water in the sunlight, it will “melt,” leaving only what appears to be a puddle of oil and a skeleton!
HOW NUTRIENTS AFFECT LAKES
EUTROPHICATION: increase in the amount of nutrients in an
aquatic ecosystem
IS THIS A NEGATIVE or POSITIVE THING?
Lakes naturally become eutrophic over a long period of time
However can be accelerated by humans
FERTILIZERS: Nitrogen & PhosphorusMore plants & bacteria growThey use the D.O.Eventually they reduce amt of O2 kills O2
loving organisms
F R E S H W A T E R W E T L A N D SAreas of land that are covered with
fresh water for at least part of the yearTwo main types:
MARSH: contain non-woody plants (cattails)
SWAMPS: woody plants (shrubs & trees)
Areas of land covered by water for at least part of the year
Include : MARSHES (non-woody plants)
& SWAMP ( woody plants)
Freshwater wetlands
WETLANDS WORLDWIDE
CLOSER TO HOME
Wetlands not always easy to identifyBased on water, soil, & vegetation
WATER: floods area consecutively for @ least 7.5% of growing season
SOIL: remains wet enough to create oxygen-poor conditions (hydric soil)
VEGETATION: adapted to growing in wet soil with little oxygen (hydrophylic)
M A R S H E S Occur on low, flat lands
Have little water movement
Several types-each characterized by salinity Brackish marsh=
slightly salty Salt Marsh= saltier
*Organisms adapted to range of salinity*
MARSH VEGETATIONShallow waters
plants- such as reeds, rushes, cattails -root themselves in rich bottom sediment
The leaves stick out above surface of water year-round
CATTAILS
R E E D SRUSHES
FAUNA IN A MARSH
Benthic zone-nutrient rich (plants, decomposers,
scavengers)
Water fowl & birds adapted beaks
Many migratory birds from temperate & tropical biomes
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NJ WETLAND BIRDS
W A T E R F O W L
S W A M P SOccur on flat, poorly drained land, often near streams
Latitude & climate determine which veg.; woody shrubs or water-loving trees
MANGROVE SWAMPS: occur in warm climates near ocean, therefore water is salty
F A U N A
M A N G R O V E
ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS of FRESHWATER WETLANDS
Act as filters- absorb & remove pollutants Therefore they improve water quality of
lakes, rivers, & reservoirs downstreamControl flooding by absorbing extra water when rivers overflow
Protects farms, residential, & urban areas from damage
Feeding and spawning areas for game fish
ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS of FRESHWATER WETLANDS
Provides a home for native & migratory wildlife Blue herons
Traps C that would otherwise b released as CO 2
Produce many important commercial products (cranberry)
HUMAN IMPACT ON WETLANDS
WETLANDS RESTORATION PROJECTS
FLORIDA EVERGLADES
EVERGLADES
DAMS & BEAVERS
RIVERS
Originate from snow melt in mountains HEADWATERS- cold, oxygen rich run swiftly, shallow riverbed DOWNSTREAM- warmer, less oxygen slower, deeper MOUTH- discharge into larger body
RIVERS