what you could have written
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What you could What you could have written … have written … and what you and what you
still have time to still have time to learn!learn!
Stack : an isolated pillar of rock detached from a headland by wave erosion
Stages :
Joints
Cave
Arch
Stack
Needle
Stump
Processes :
Hydraulic action
Corrasion/abrasion
Attrition
Corrosion/solution
Also :
Weathering
Mass movement
Examples : Needles (Isle of Wight)
Examples :
Old Harry Rocks (Jurassic Coast)
The Needles (Isle of Wight
Deil’s Heid (Arbroath)
Image courtesy of Andrew Stacey www.stacey.peak-media.co.uk
Wave-cut platform : a sloping rocky shelf found at the foot of a retreating cliff and exposed at low tide. This is Broad Bench in Kimmeridge Bay on the
Jurassic Coast
Processes :
Hydraulic action
Corrasion
Undercutting
Rockfall
headlandWords to use:
angle under 4 degrees
Wave-cut notch
Inter-tidal feature
Wave energy dissipated
abrasion
Retreating cliff
Future raised beach?
Blowhole : an eroded vertical joint in a headland which may allow sea water to spout
Example : Gaylet Pot at Auchmithie
Processes :
Hydraulic action
Corrasion/abrasion
Attrition
Corrosion/solution
Words to use:
Vertical joints
Cave roof
Lines of weakness
clifftop
High tides/storm tides
exploitMarine erosion processes
Spit : a long, narrow accumulation of sand or shingle formed by longshore drift with one end attached to the land
Examples: Dawlish Warren (below),Spurn Head, Orford Ness, Blakeney PointProcesses:
Longshore drift
Transportation
Deposition
Words to use:
recurved
Direction of longshore drift
Prevailing winds
Change in coastline direction/estuary
Second dominant wind direction
beach
Stabilised shingle and sand
saltmarsh
dunes
Zig zag movement
Silt and mud accumulates
Bar and lagoon: a spit linking two headlands and trapping water on the landward side such as at Slapton Ley in Devon (below)
Processes:
Longshore drift
Transportation
Deposition
Words to use:
bay
headland
bar
lagoon
brackish
silting and infillingbeach
Direction of longshore drift
Beach : a zone of deposited sand and shingle above the low water mark
Processes :
Constructive waves
Destructive waves
Deposition
Transportation
Longshore drift
Sediment grading
Words to use:
storm beachberm
gradient
sand
shingle
swash
backwash
cuspsbeach profile
PODZOL BROWN EARTH
WHY are they different?
climatenatural vegetation
type of humusHow much leaching?
precipitation and temperature
soil biota activity
How much mixing?
THINK!
drainage
eluviationorganic sorting
illuviationtranslocation
Psammosere : THINK stages, conditions, named plants, adaptations!
Foreshore Mobile dunes Grey dunes and slacks Climax vegetation
windy sheltered
alkaline Increasingly acid
No humus More humus
dryMore soil moisture
Saltwort
Couch grass
Sea rocket
Marram
Sea holly
Sand sedge
Marram
Mosses
Fescue (grass)
Ragwort
Dandelions
Lichens
Sea Buckthorn
Heather
Rushes
Reeds
Willow
Flag iris
Pine
Birch
Mixed woodland
tap roots
fleshy leaves
salt tolerant
low growing
xerophytic
rhizomes
inrolled leaves
deep roots
sand tolerant
xerophytic
Hydrophytic
(water tolerant)
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