What you Need to Know:Westward Expansion

Pages 61 through 75 of workbook

Manifest Destiny

• It is the destiny of America to expand all the way to the Pacific

• It encouraged people to move west• It increased nationalism• It created tension between the north and the

south (sectionalism)

Northwest OrdinanceResults of adding this territory:Provided guidelines for adding new states to the Union over time. Key Ideas:States that entered would be equal to the original 13Westward expansion increased “nationalism”

Louisiana PurchaseKey Ideas:• 1803-President

Thomas Jefferson made the purchase

• Doubled size of U.S.• Increased

nationalism• Made people want

to move westward to the frontier

• Increased “nationalism”

Monroe Doctrine• Key Ideas:• President Monroe issued it• European countries cannot settle or create

colonies in the Americas – not in North America or South America

• Mexico had declared independence and had all the territory that previously belonged to Spain in North America

• Increased “nationalism”

Missouri Compromise Key Ideas:• Cotton Gin had been invented

so southerners wanted to grow more cotton- need slaves

• Southerners wanted new states to be slave states

• Northerners did not • Compromise reached – 1821

Missouri would enter U.S. as a SLAVE state if Maine came in as a FREE state

• Line drawn – no slavery above that line

• Caused “tension” between north and south

Mexico

Key Ideas:• Mexico won independence from

Spain 1821• They invited Americans to come live

in Texas because their were too many dangerous indians there

• The Americans who move there end up wanting to be independent from Mexico

• Americans fight for and win independence from Mexico – Texas becomes a “Republic”

• Increased “nationalism”

War for Texas IndependenceKey Ideas:1820’s through 1840’s – Americans moving to Texas even though it belonged to Mexico• Americans living in Texas

become unhappy with Mexican government – want to be independent

• They fight for independence• Texas becomes an

independent republic• Texas wants to become a

slave state in the U.S. • Increased “nationalism”• Created “tension” between

North and South

War with MexicoKey Ideas:• Congress decided to admit

Texas into the Union as a slave state

• Mexico did not recognize Texas independence

• California but Mexico did not want to sell

• The U.S. provoked a war with Mexico by crossing the Rio Grande border – the U.S. had tried to buy Texas and California before – Mexico said no

• U.S. won the war, gained Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and CA – “Mexican Cession”

Mexican Cession

Key Ideas:• After the U.S. won the war, they paid

Mexico for the land seen in the map on the left

• The Treaty was called the “The Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo”

• Later, the U.S. purchased the lower portion in the “Gadsden Purchase”

• Created “nationalism”• Caused “tension” because once

again, people worried – would these new territories be slave or free?

Indian RemovalKey Ideas:• Indians were forced to

Oklahoma because Americans wanted their land

• Many southerners wanted Cherokee land to grow cotton

• “Cherokee Trail of Tears” just one example of the mistreatment of Natives

• Created “nationalism”• As those lands were cleared

– it created “tension” because slavery was spreading west

Gold is discovered in CaliforniaKey Ideas:• Gold is discovered in California

in 1849• Created “tension” between

Northern and southern states • Compromise of 1850• California enters the Union as a

FREE state• Fugitive Slave Act is passed to

pacify the south

Label Your MapsOutline:• Northwest

Ordinance states

• Louisiana Purchase

• Texas Annexation

• Missouri and the Compromise Line

• Mexican Cession

• California