what+is+health+informatics

8/12/2019 what+is+health+informatics

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Health Informatics

Graham Wright

MSc Programme Director


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Imagination is more important than

knowledge"

Albert Einstein


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Enricos view

If physiology literally means 'the logic of life', and

pathology is 'the logic of disease', then medical

informatics is the logic of healthcare.

It is the rational study of the way we think aboutpatients, and the way that treatments are defined,

selected and evolved.

It is the study of how medical knowledge is created,

shaped, shared and applied

Enrico Coiera 1997


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Health Informatics

Health Informatics is having a mid-life

crisis, it is a 45 year old profession

wandering around the desert to find itself

Yuval Shahar (2001)

IMIA Invited Satellite Working Conference Challenges in MedicalInformaticssuccesses and failures , Madrid March 2001


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1. Definitions

Informatics Medical Informatics

Nursing Informatics Clinical Informatics Health Informatics


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Informatics

the application of informationtechnologies to optimize the

information management functionwithin an organization


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Informatics

information management information technology


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Information management

assuring that the right information isavailable to the right people, within

and without an organization, at theright time and place, and for the rightprice


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Information technology

any technology which processes andcommunicates data, includes:

computers, voice, data and imagesensing and communications devices,graphics devices, multi-media storage,etc.

pen, paper, telephones and faxmachines


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Health or Medical Informatics

The terms 'medical informatics' and 'health informatics'

have been variously defined, but can be best understood as

the understanding, skills and tools that enable the sharing

and use of information to deliver healthcare and promote

health. 'Health informatics' is now tending to replace the

previously commoner term 'medical informatics',

reflecting a widespread concern to define an information

agenda for health services which recognises the role ofcitizens as agents in their own care, as well as the major

information-handling roles of the non-medical healthcare

professions.

BMIS (2002)


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Medical Informatics

"the science of analysis,documentation, steering, control and

synthesis of information processeswithin the health care deliverysystem, especially in the classical

environment and medical practice".Recihertz PProtokoll der Klausurtagung Ausbildungsziele, Inhalte und

Methoden in der Medizinischen Informatik

Ulm: Reisenberg/b. 1973


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Nursing Informatics

"A combination of computer science,information science and nursing sciencedesigned to assist in the management and

processing of nursing data and thedelivery of nursing care".

Graves JR, Cocoran S

The Study of Nursing InformaticsImage: Journal of Nursing Scholarship

Vol. 21, p. 227, 1989


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Nursing Informatics

"Integration of nursing, its informationand information management with

information processing andcommunications technology tosupport world health".

IMIA Nursing Informatics

6th International Congress

Stockholm, October 1997


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Health Informatics

"The study of nature and principles ofinformation and its applications

within all aspects of health caredelivery and promotion".

Protti DJ

A New Undergraduate Program in Health/Medical Informatics

AMIA Proceedings

Masson Publishing, 1982


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Health Informatics

Health informatics is seen as to beconcerned with the individual and groupbehaviour of health care personnel in their

interaction with information andinformation technologies.

Medical informatics is seen to be rooted inmedicine and computer science

the social, organizational, and policyaspects of information technology are notusually taken into consideration


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International view

Health informatics is concerned with the systematicprocessing of data, information and knowledge in

medicine and healthcare. The domain covers

computational and informational aspects of processes

and structures, applicable to any clinical or managerial

discipline within the health sector whether on a tele

(remote) basis or not. Health informatics is delivered by

operational health practitioners, academic researchersand educators, scientists and technologists in

operational, commercial and academic domains

Jean RobertsMedinfo2001


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Bodies of knowledge

hard sciences biology and clinical chemistry

computer science

engineering

mathematics and physics

soft sciences economics

information science

management science psychology

sociology

medicine and other health care professions


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Areas of instruction and learning

A. Information

1. Management

2. Technology

B. Healthcare Organizations

1. Clinical (Delivery)

2. Management


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A. Information1. Management

Data - Information - Wisdom Spectrum

Power and value of information

Data modeling and data standards Coding, classification, nomenclature

Data analysis & statistical methods

Systems analysis and design

Information sources (local, national,international)

Managing information resources


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A. Information

2. Technology Hardware processing and storage technologies Computer languages Software: operating systems, databases,

application Communications technologies Local Area Networks Intranets and the Internet Telematicss/telemedicine

Infusion/diffusion theories Effectiveness metrics Security and Confidentiality


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B. Healthcare Organizations

1. Clinical (Delivery) History and culture of clinicians Clinical practice content and process

Clinical practice guidelines and protocols Evidence-based decision making Decision support and expert systems

Health outcomes and health status Epidemiology Population health


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B. Healthcare Organizations 2.

Management organization theory and models communications theories management process and practice organizational development and change

management

health economics and fiscal management

resource allocation models

individual and group decision support systems ethics and legislation


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Clinical Work

InformationandCommunicationtechnologies

Organisation ofmedicine andhealth care (system)

ThreeDomains Needing an Effective Fit


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Context: Health Care System

Organising and managingClinical practice

Learning from sets of patients

Diagnosing andtreating a patient

The three levels of clinical activity which should be thefocus of information technology in a health care system


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Failure to:- understand the nature of different clinical practices and its

consequence for the use of technology;

understand the nature of the relationship between clinical staffand management which might predispose clinical staff to

oppose introduction of a clinical information system;

recognise wider imperatives and set ill-conceived targets;

choose robust, transferable, extendable and proventechnologies which, for example, do not inhibit future

developments;

take into account research and evaluation of informationaldevelopments such as terming and classification systems;

relate the technologies to the imperatives;

recognise the clinical imperative need to treat more patients at

least as well in less time using new systems;


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Failure to:-

create an affordable and practical technology financialplan from a high level strategy;

involve the future users in such a way that their input

is meaningful to determine system requirements andto gain their subsequent ownership

prepare and develop individuals and the organisationto make effective use of information technologies;

implement in an orderly and timely way; actually check whether the technologies are meeting

expectations and requirements, whether the system is

highly valued and to react accordingly


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Involves, informspersuades,prepares for thesetechnologies andother changes

Creates aninformation andtechnologystrategy andfinancial plan

Plans andintroduces newtechnologieswith otherchanges

Evaluates,reviews andassesses theimpact andvalues it

Knows of appropriatetechnologicaldevelopments & relatesthem to informationrequirements: knows ofopportunities andimperatives for change

System

Health care

Organisation ofclinical work

Sets ofpatients

Single patient

Clinical

Work

Selects andprioritises

opportunities,problems,imperatives andrequirementsfor change

Assesses andunderstands thecontext & identifiesconsequences forclinical work andimperatives forchange Assesses and

understands what[and for what keyreasons] activitiesoccur at eachlevel

Respond

Identify impact

Respond

Observe& enquire

Tell

Observe&enquire

Tell

Relate & CheckTell

Relate & check

Tell

Observe& enquire

Tell

Identifyimpact

4.

3.

5. 6.

7.

Realise

Respond & Implement

2.

1.


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Stages of the model1 to 4 Assesses and understands what and for what

reasons things happen

Assesses and understands the context and identifiesconsequences for clinical work and imperatives forchange

Selects and prioritises opportunities, problems,imperatives and requirements for change

Knows of appropriate technological developmentsand relates them to information requirements; knows

of opportunities and imperatives for change


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Stages of the model5 to 8

Creates an information and technology andstrategy plan

Involves, informs, persuades, prepares forthese technologies and other changes

Plans and introduces new technologies and

other changes Evaluates, reviews and assesses the impactand values it


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hybrid managers-informaticians

select the appropriate information andcommunication technologies,

involve perceived beneficiaries, identify the prospective benefits,

successfully plan, implement and evaluate

the impact of change

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