whatisthepotential ofa bird strike advisory system?motivation bird strike risk chart 3> what is...
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What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System?
Isabel C. Metz, Thorsten Mühlhausen, Joost Ellerbroek, Dirk Kügler and Jacco M. Hoekstra
18 June 2019
ATM R&D Seminar 2019
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A bird strike is strictly defined as a collision between a bird and an aircraft which is in flight or on a take off or landing roll. The term is often expanded to cover other wildlife strikes - with bats or ground animals.
[EUROCONTROL]
Motivation Bird Strike Definition
Chart 2 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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MotivationBird Strike Risk
Chart 3 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Quelle: FAA
3000 ft AGL
2,818 ft
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MotivationBird Strike Risk
Chart 4 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Quelle: FAA
3000 ft AGL
2,818 ft
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Chart 5 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Source: FAA
3000 ft AGL
2,818 ft
Altitude distribution of bird strikesin the US between 1990 und 2015
MotivationBird Strike Risk
how to involve ATC and pilots?
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MotivationInvolving ATC and Pilots
Chart 6 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Wildlife Control ATC NOTAM
Advisory System
Wildlife Control ATC
Sensor Data
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Concept
3000 ft AGL
t = 3.0
t = 1.0
t = 0.0
t = 2.0
Chart 7 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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Concept
3000 ft AGL
t = 3.0
t = 1.0
t = 0.0
t = 2.0
t = 3.5
t = 1.5
t = 0.5
t = 2.5
Chart 8 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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Concept
3000 ft AGL
t = 3.0
t = 1.0
t = 0.0
t = 2.0
t = 3.5
t = 1.5
t = 0.5
t = 2.5
Chart 9 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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Concept
3000 ft AGL
t = 3.0
t = 1.0
t = 0.0
t = 2.0
t = 3.5
t = 1.5
t = 0.5
t = 2.5
fast-time simulations
Chart 10 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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Simulation EnvironmentFast-Time Simulation of Air Traffic and Bird Movements
Chart 11 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
spring summer autumn winter
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Simulation EnvironmentDemo Video
Chart 12 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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Approach
Chart 13 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
no advisorysystem
collision avoidance algorithm
idealizedverification
verification
requirements
CDR logic
includingrisk
distribu-tion
Feasibility
nominal
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Approach
Chart 14 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
no advisorysystem
collision avoidance algorithm
idealizedverification
verification
requirements
CDR logic
includingrisk
distribu-tion
Feasibility
nominal
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• ca. 3x higher bird strike rate
• seasonal correspondence
• reproducibility (MC simulations)
Simulation EnvironmentOutcome
Chart 15 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
source: Metz, et al. 2017
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Approach
Chart 16 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
no advisorysystem
collision avoidance algorithm
idealizedverification
verification
requirements
CDR logic
includingrisk
distribu-tion
Feasibility
nominal
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• how many bird strikes can be prevented?
• how many false alerts are generated?
• how much delay is generated?
• what are the economic consequences?
Key Questions
Chart 17 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
verification
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Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept
based onKuenz, Alexander. High Performance Conflict Detection and Resolution for Multi-Dimensional Objects. DLR-Forschungsbericht Vol. 2015. No. 31. 2015.
broad phasefilter for potential conflicts
narrow phase
detect conflicts
conflict resolutionreschedule aircraft
air traffic scenarios bird trajectories
revised air traffic scenarios
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Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – broad phase
1. generate four-dimensional grid• time: 10 seconds• latitude & longitude: 1000 m• altitude: 100 m
2. assign birds to tiles
3. test against aircraft• only birds sharing tiles are relevant
4. forward birds to test to narrow phase
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CDR AlgorithmConcept – broad phase
1. generate four-dimensional grid• time: 10 seconds• latitude & longitude: 1000 m• altitude: 100 m
2. assign birds to tiles
3. test against aircraft• only birds sharing tiles are relevant
4. forward birds to test to narrow phase
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Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – broad phase
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. generate four-dimensional grid• time: 10 seconds• latitude & longitude: 1000 m• altitude: 100 m
2. assign birds to tiles
3. test against aircraft• only birds sharing tiles are relevant
4. forward birds to test to narrow phase
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Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – broad phase
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. generate four-dimensional grid• time: 10 seconds• latitude & longitude: 1000 m• altitude: 100 m
2. assign birds to tiles
3. test against aircraft• only birds sharing tiles are relevant
4. forward birds to test to narrow phase
![Page 23: WhatisthePotential ofa Bird Strike Advisory System?Motivation Bird Strike Risk Chart 3> What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6058105236faba01a402fd5b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – broad phase
2
3
5
7
1
4
6
1. generate four-dimensional grid• time: 10 seconds• latitude & longitude: 1000 m• altitude: 100 m
2. assign birds to tiles
3. test against aircraft• only birds sharing tiles are relevant
4. forward birds to test to narrow phase
![Page 24: WhatisthePotential ofa Bird Strike Advisory System?Motivation Bird Strike Risk Chart 3> What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6058105236faba01a402fd5b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – narrow phase
1
4
6
1. compare trajectoriesfrom begin to end of shared tile• resolution:
• head-on conflict with vmax(radius smallest aircraft, 0.1 sec)
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• reschedule aircraft• 5 seconds• minimum separation to previous arrival
Collision Avoidance AlgorithmConcept – Conflict Resolution
DepartureArrival
time
DepartureArrival
time
Departure DepartureArrival
time
Departure
Departure
1
3
2
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• protected zones birds and aircraft
• simulated data
• logging frequencies aircraft trajectories
Simulation Specifications
Chart 26 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
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• protected zones birds and aircraft
Simulation Specifications
Chart 27 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
source: Metz, et al. 2017
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• simulated data
• birds• one week per month within one year
• aircraft• airports with one operational runway
Simulation Specifications
Chart 28 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
intensity number of flights opening hours
high 95417 hoursmedium 501
low 305
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• logging frequencies aircraft trajectories
Simulation Specifications
Chart 29 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
height
time
iteration identifier logging frequency lift-off
logging frequencyremaining flight
I 10 Hz 2
II 20 Hz 1
III 20 Hz 2
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Results
Chart 30 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
• how many bird strikes can be prevented?
• how many false alerts are generated?
• how much delay is generated?
• what are the economic consequences?
verification
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• Criteria• max 5% remaining strikes• max 5% false alerts
ResultsVerification
Chart 31 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
trafficintensity
strikesbaseline
tolerated strikesand false warnings
remaining strikes false warnings
2/10 Hz 1/20 Hz 2/20 Hz 2/10 Hz 1/20 Hz 2/20 Hz
high 155 7.75 9 6 6 3 3 3
medium 70 3.5 2 2 2 1 1 1
low 54 2.7 1 1 1 2 3 2
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• Criteria• max 5% remaining strikes• max 5% false alerts
ResultsVerification
Chart 32 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
trafficintensity
strikesbaseline
tolerated strikesand false warnings
remaining strikes false warnings
2/10 Hz 1/20 Hz 2/20 Hz 2/10 Hz 1/20 Hz 2/20 Hz
high 155 7.75 9 6 6 3 3 3
medium 70 3.5 2 2 2 1 1 1
low 54 2.7 1 1 1 2 3 2-
-
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Resultsgenerated delays
Chart 33 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
• affected flights: 3.14 % (high intensity)• lost departure slots: 27 (high intensity)• departures after opening hours: none
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Chart 34 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
ResultsEconomic Consequences
trafficintensity
prevented birdstrikes
saved costs sum delayminutes
delay costs saved costs per caused costs
high 149 3,717,103 2,455 85,925 43
medium 68 1,696,396 150 5,239 324
low 53 1,322,191 19 676 1957
• assumptions
cost per bird strike: €24.947 (FAA)
cost per delay minute : €35 (University of Westminster)
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Chart 35 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Summary and Outlook
• simulation environment
• reproducible number of strikes
• deterministic collision avoidance algorithm
• 97 % prevented strikes
• 2 % false warnings
• very limited impact on capacity
• high potential for cost reduction
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Chart 36 > What is the Potential of a Bird Strike Advisory System? > ATM R&D Seminar 2019 > 02 July 2019
Summary and Outlook
• simulation environment
• reproducible number of strikes
• deterministic collision avoidance algorithm
• 97 % prevented strikes
• 2 % false warnings
• very limited impact on capacity
• high potential for cost reduction
next step: including uncertaintyin bird movements
Thank you!
Questions?