what's new and beneficial about long green beans
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What's New and Beneficial about Long Green Beans
Because of their rich green color, we don't always think about green beans as providing us
with important amounts of colorful pigments like carotenoids. But they do! Recent studies
have confirmed the presence of lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin in green
beans. In some cases, the presence of these carotenoids in green beans is comparable to theirpresence in other carotenoid-rich vegetables like carrots and tomatoes. The only reason we
don't see these carotenoids is because of the concentrated chlorophyll content of green beans
and the amazing shades of green that it provides.
You can enjoy green beans while supporting food sustainability! Recent surveys have shown
that 60% of all commercially grown green beans are produced in the United States, with large
amounts of green bean acreage found in the states of Illinois, Michigan, New York, Oregon,
and Wisconsin. Although countries like France, Mexico, Iraq, and Argentina are large-scale
producers of green beans, there is plenty of this delicious vegetable available in our own
backyard.
If you are unable to obtain fresh green beans, you can still get many valuable nutrients fromgreen beans that have been frozen or canned. We like fresh greens the best! But we realize that
access to them can sometimes be a problem. When first frozen and then cooked, retention of
some B vitamins in green beans (like vitamins B6 and B2) can be as high as 90%. Recent
studies have shown that canned green beans, on average, lose about one third of their phenolic
compounds during the canning process. They lose B vitamins as well but in the case of some
B vitamins like folic acid, as little as 10%.
Green beans (referred to as "string beans" by the study authors) have recently been shown to
have impressive antioxidant capacity. Research comparing the overall antioxidant capacity of
green beans to other foods in the pea and bean families (for example, snow peas or winged
beans) has found green beans to come out on top, even though green beans are not always
highest in their concentration of specific antioxidant nutrients like phenolic acids or vitaminC. It's not surprising to find recent studies highlighting the antioxidant capacity of green
beans! Researchers now know that the list of antioxidant flavonoids found in green beans is
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not limited to quercetin and kaemferol but also includes flavonoids like catechins,
epicatechins, and procyanidins. Researchers also know that the antioxidant carotenoids in this
vegetable are diverse, and include lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, as
noted above.
Green beans may be a particularly helpful food for providing us with the mineral silicon. This
mineralwhile less well known that minerals like calcium and magnesiumis very
important for bone health and for healthy formation of connective tissue. Green beans haverecently been shown to stack up quite well against other commonly-eaten foods as a good
source of absorbable silicon.
WHFoods Recommendations
To retain the maximum number of health-promoting phytonutrients and vitamins and minerals found
in green beans, we recommend Healthy Steaming them for just 5 minutes. This also brings out their
peak flavor and provides the moisture necessary to make them tender, and retain their beautifully
bright green color. It is best to cook green beans whole to ensure even cooking. For more on the
Healthiest Way of Cooking Green Beans, see below.
Nutrients in Green Beans
1.00 cup raw (100.00 grams)
Nutrient %Daily Value
vitamin C 20.3%
vitamin K 18%
vitamin A 13.8%
manganese 11%
fiber 10.8%
folate 8.2%
vitamin B6 7%
molybdenum 6.6%
magnesium 6.2%
tryptophan 6.2%
potassium 6%
vitamin B2 5.8%
iron 5.7%
vitamin B1 5.3%
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phosphorus 3.8%
calcium 3.7%
protein 3.6%
vitamin B3 3.6%
choline 3.6%
copper 3.5%
omega-3 fats 2.9%
Calories (31) 1%
This chart graphically details the %DV that a serving of Green beans provides for each of the
nutrients of which it is a good, very good, or excellent source according to our Food Rating System.
Additional information about the amount of these nutrients provided by Green beans can be found in
the Food Rating System Chart. A link that takes you to the In-Depth Nutritional Profile for Green
beans, featuring information over 80 nutrients, can be found under the Food Rating System Chart.
Health Benefits
Antioxidant Support from Green Beans
Best studied from a research standpoint is the antioxidant content of green beans. In addition to
conventional antioxidant nutrients like vitamin C and beta-carotene, green beans contain important
amounts of the antioxidant mineral manganese. But the area of phytonutrients is where green beans
really shine through in their antioxidant value. Green beans contain a wide variety of carotenoids
(including lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin) and flavonoids (including quercetin,
kaemferol, catechins, epicatechins, and procyanidins) that have all been shown to have health-
supportive antioxidant properties. In addition, the overall antioxidant capacity of green beans has been
measured in several research studies, and in one study, green beans have been shown to have greater
overall antioxidant capacity than similar foods in the pea and bean families, for example, snow peas
or winged beans.
Cardiovascular Benefits
Just as you might expect, the antioxidant support provided by green beans provides us with some
direct cardiovascular benefits. While most of the cardio research on green beans involves animal
studies on rats and nice, improvement in levels of blood fats and better protection of these fats from
oxygen damage has been shown to result from green bean intake. Interestingly, the green bean pod
(the main portion of the green beans that provides the covering for the beans inside) appears to be
more closely related to these cardio benefits that the young, immature beans that are found inside.
While not documented in the health research to date, we believe that the omega-3 fatty acid of contentof green beans can also make an important contribution to their cardiovascular benefits. Most people
do not even recognize green beans as a source of omega-3 fats! While there is a relatively small
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amount of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in green beans, this amount can still be
very important and is actually fairly large in comparison to the amount of calories in green beans. You
get 1 milligram of ALA for every 4 calories of green beans that you eat. For every 4 calories of
walnuts that you eat, you get 1.4 milligrams of ALA. So you can see that green beanswhile not as
concentrated in ALA as walnutsare nevertheless an underrated source of this heart-protective
nutrient.
Other Health Benefits
The strong carotenoid and flavonoid content of green beans also appears to give this vegetable some
potentially unique anti-inflammatory benefits. For example, some very preliminary research in
laboratory animals shows decreased activity of certain inflammation-related enzymeslipoxygenases
(LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX)following intake of bean extracts. Because type 2 diabetes is a
health problem that is known to contain a basic component of chronic, unwanted inflammation, we
are also not surprised to see some very preliminary research in the area of green bean intake, anti-
inflammatory benefits, and prevention of type 2 diabetes. (The very good fiber content of green beans
most likely adds to the potential of green beans to help prevent this common health problem.) We
expect to see more research in both of these health benefit areas (anti-inflammatory benefits andprevention of type 2 diabetes).
Description
Commonly referred to as string beans, the string that once was their trademark (running lengthwise
down the seam of the pod) can seldom be found in modern varieties. It's for this reason (the breeding
out of the "string") that string beans are often referred to as "snap beans." Because they are picked at a
younger, immature stage, "snap beans" can literally be snapped in half with a simple twist of the
fingers. Although these bright green and crunchy beans are available at your local market throughout
the year, they are in season from summer through early fall when they are at their best and the least
expensive. You may also see them referred to as "haricot vert"this term simply means "green bean"
in French and is the common French term for this vegetable. This term can also refer to specific
varieties of green beans that are popular in French cuisine because of their very thin shape and very
tender texture
Green beans belong to the same family as shell beans, such as pinto beans, black beans, and kidney
beans. In fact, all of these beans have the exact same genus/species name in sciencePhaseolus
vulgarisand all can be referred to simply as "common beans." However, since green beans are
usually picked while still immature and while the inner beans are just beginning to form in the pod,
they are typically eaten in fresh (versus dried) form, pod and all. Green beans are often deep emerald
green in color and come to a slight point at either end. Green bean varieties of this common beanfamily are usually selected for their great texture and flavor while still young and fresh on the vine. In
contrast, dried bean varieties like pinto or black or kidney beans are usually selected for their ability
to produce larger and more dense beans during the full time period when they mature on the vine. At
full maturity, their pods are often too thick and fibrous to be readily enjoyed in fresh form, but the
beans inside their pods are perfect for drying and storing.
History
Green beans and other beans, such are kidney beans, navy beans and black beans are all known
scientifically as Phaseolus vulgaris. They are all referred to as "common beans," probably owing to
the fact that they all derived from a common bean ancestor that originated in Peru. From there, theyspread throughout South and Central America by migrating Indian tribes. They were introduced into
Europe around the 16th century by Spanish explorers returning from their voyages to the New World,
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and subsequently were spread through many other parts of the world by Spanish and Portuguese
traders. Today, the largest commercial producers of fresh green beans include Argentina, China,
Egypt, France, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Italy, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United
States.
How to Select and Store
If possible, purchase green beans at a store or farmer's market that sells them loose so that you can
sort through them to choose the beans of best quality. Purchase beans that have a smooth feel and a
vibrant green color, and that are free from brown spots or bruises. They should have a firm texture
and "snap" when broken.
Store unwashed fresh beans pods in a plastic bag kept in the refrigerator crisper. Whole beans stored
this way should keep for about seven days.
Many people wonder about the possibility of freezing green beans, or purchasing green beans that
have already been frozen. Both options can workgreen beans are definitely a vegetable that can be
frozen. We've seen several research studies on the nutritional consequences of freezing green beans,and most studies show the ability of green beans to retain valuable amounts of nutrients for 3-6
months after freezing. If you don't have fresh green beans available on a year-round basis, purchasing
frozen green beans can definitely provide you with a nutritionally valuable option. If you are thinking
about freezing green beans yourself, that's also a possibility worth considering, even though we
believe it is difficult to draw final conclusions about the best overall approach for the home freezing
of green beans. In some studies, the act of freezing does not, all by itself, appear to cause much loss in
nutrient value. But the passage of time does appear to lessen the concentration of multiple nutrients.
There appears to be less nutrient loss at 3 months than at 6 months, and you may want to limit your
freezer storage of green beans (whether frozen at home or pre-purchased in frozen form) to about 3
months for this reason.
More controversial is the issue of blanching prior to freezing. Some studies indicate the ability of
blanching (steaming or boiling for approximately 2-3 minutes) to help preserve certain nutrients
(especially phytonutrients like phenols) due to enzyme deactivation. Polyphenol oxidases,
chlorophyllases, lipoxygenases, peroxidases, and other enzymes that can lower the nutrient quality of
green beans are definitely denatured by blanching. For this reason, blanching makes sense as a step
that can help preserve the nutrient content of green beans prior to freezing. However, the exposure of
green beans to 212F/100C water or steameven for a short period of time like 2-3 minuteshas
also been shown to result in nutrient loss, particularly for certain water-soluble nutrients like vitamin
C. Complicating this picture is an issue with the texture of non-blanched, frozen green beans.
Unblanched, frozen green beans can sometimes have an unappealing, rubbery texture when thawedand reheated. Without more conclusive research, we think it makes sense to treat the blanching versus
non-blanching issue as a matter of personal preference if you are planning on the home freezing of
fresh green beans.
Tips for Preparing and Cooking
Tips for Preparing Green Beans
Just prior to using the green beans, wash them under running water. Remove both ends of the beans
by either snapping them off or cutting them with a knife.
The Healthiest Way of Cooking Green Beans
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We recommend Healthy Steaming green beans for maximum flavor and nutrition. Fill the bottom of a
steamer pot with 2 inches of water. While waiting for the water to come to a boil, rinse green beans. It
is best to cook green beans whole for even cooking. Steam for 5 minutes and toss with our
Mediterranean Dressing and top with your favorite optional ingredients. For details see, 5-Minute
Green Beans.
How to Enjoy
A Few Quick Serving Ideas
Green beans are a classic ingredient in Salad Nicoise, a French cold salad dish that combines
steamed green beans with tuna fish and potatoes.
Healthy saut green beans with shiitake mushrooms.
Prepare the perennial favorite, green beans almondine, by sprinkling slivered almonds on
healthy sauted beans.
Individual Concerns
Green beans are among a small number of foods that contain measurable amounts of oxalates,
naturally-occurring substances found in plants, animals, and human beings. When oxalates become
too concentrated in body fluids, they can crystallize and cause health problems. For this reason,
individuals with already existing and untreated kidney or gallbladder problems may want to avoid
eating green beans. Laboratory studies have shown that oxalates may also interfere with absorption of
calcium from the body. Yet, in every peer-reviewed research study we've seen, the ability of oxalates
to lower calcium absorption is relatively small and definitely does not outweigh the ability of oxalate-containing foods to contribute calcium to the meal plan. If your digestive tract is healthy, and you do a
good job of chewing and relaxing while you enjoy your meals, you will get significant benefits
including absorption of calciumfrom calcium-rich foods plant foods that also contain oxalic acid.
Ordinarily, a healthcare practitioner would not discourage a person focused on ensuring that they are
meeting their calcium requirements from eating these nutrient-rich foods because of their oxalate
content. For more on this subject, please see Can you tell me what oxalates are and in which foods
they can be found?
Nutritional Profile
Green beans are an important source of both carotenoids and flavonoids. Green bean carotenoidsinclude lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. Green bean flavonoids include quercetin,
kaemferol, catechins, epicatechins, and procyanidins.
Green beans are an excellent source of free radical-scavenging vitamin C and vitamin A as well as
bone-building vitamin K. They are also a very good source of enzyme-supportive manganese and
molybdenum as well as heart-healthy dietary fiber, folate, vitamin B6, magnesium, and potassium. In
addition, green beans are a good source of energy-producing iron, vitamin B1, and niacin; bone-
building calcium, phosphorus, and copper; muscle-enhancing protein; and anti-inflammatory omega-3
fatty acids. Green beans have also been shown to contain valuable amounts of the mineral silicon, and
in a form that makes it easier for us to absorb this bone-supportive and connective tissue-supportive
nutrient. Green beans have also been shown to contain valuable amounts of the mineral silicon, and ina form that makes it easier for us to absorb this bone-supportive and connective tissue-supportive
nutrient.
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In-Depth Nutritional Profile
In addition to the nutrients highlighted in our ratings chart, an in-depth nutritional profile for Green
beans is also available. This profile includes information on a full array of nutrients, including
carbohydrates, sugar, soluble and insoluble fiber, sodium, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids
and more.
Introduction to Food Rating System Chart
In order to better help you identify foods that feature a high concentration of nutrients for the calories
they contain, we created a Food Rating System. This system allows us to highlight the foods that are
especially rich in particular nutrients. The following chart shows the nutrients for which this food is
either an excellent, very good, or good source (below the chart you will find a table that explains
these qualifications). If a nutrient is not listed in the chart, it does not necessarily mean that the food
doesn't contain it. It simply means that the nutrient is not provided in a sufficient amount or
concentration to meet our rating criteria. (To view this food's in-depth nutritional profile that includes
values for dozens of nutrients - not just the ones rated as excellent, very good, or good - please use the
link below the chart.) To read this chart accurately, you'll need to glance up in the top left cornerwhere you will find the name of the food and the serving size we used to calculate the food's nutrient
composition. This serving size will tell you how much of the food you need to eat to obtain the
amount of nutrients found in the chart. Now, returning to the chart itself, you can look next to the
nutrient name in order to find the nutrient amount it offers, the percent Daily Value (DV%) that this
amount represents, the nutrient density that we calculated for this food and nutrient, and the rating we
established in our rating system. For most of our nutrient ratings, we adopted the government
standards for food labeling that are found in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's "Reference
Values for Nutrition Labeling." Read more background information and details of our rating system.
Green Beans
1.00 cup raw 100.00 grams 31.00 calories
Nutrient Amount DV(%) Nutrient Density World's Healthiest Foods Rating
vitamin C 12.20 mg 20.3 11.8 excellent
vitamin K 14.40 mcg 18.0 10.5 excellent
vitamin A 690.00 IU 13.8 8.0 excellent
manganese 0.22 mg 11.0 6.4 very good
fiber 2.70 g 10.8 6.3 very good
folate 33.00 mcg 8.2 4.8 very goodvitamin B6 0.14 mg 7.0 4.1 very good
molybdenum 5.00 mcg 6.7 3.9 very good
magnesium 25.00 mg 6.2 3.6 very good
tryptophan 0.02 g 6.2 3.6 very good
potassium 211.00 mg 6.0 3.5 very good
vitamin B2 0.10 mg 5.9 3.4 very good
iron 1.03 mg 5.7 3.3 good
vitamin B1 0.08 mg 5.3 3.1 good
phosphorus 38.00 mg 3.8 2.2 good
calcium 37.00 mg 3.7 2.1 good
protein 1.83 g 3.7 2.1 goodvitamin B3 0.73 mg 3.6 2.1 good
choline 15.30 mg 3.6 2.1 good
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copper 0.07 mg 3.5 2.0 good
omega-3 fats 0.07 g 2.9 1.7 good