wheat and barley legacy for breeding improvement · the importance of agriculture in europe 40 %...
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Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement
COLLEGE / UNIVERSITIES PROJECT
First session – from Sept to Dec 2016
S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia International
Roadmap
• Short introduction (5’)
• Some facts about Europe (10’)
• What is the Europe of research? (15’)
• What is a European research project? TheWHEALBI project
– Key elements of WHEALBI (20’)– Exemple of one participating institute/company:UK : NIAB and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)
HUN: MTA-ATK and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)
GER: ITK and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)
IT: SIS and the work carried on WHEALBI (30’)
Roadmap
• The “college project” (40’)– Introduction
– Who is participating?
– What is the goal?
– The trial
– The varieties
– What’s next : the traits to record
– The work done by Vetagro Sup in Spring 2016 - anddrilling in UK, Hungary, Germany (videos)
– Conclusion (5’)
Trial visit + questions
S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, S. CREPIEUX, ArcadiaArcadiaArcadiaArcadia InternationalInternationalInternationalInternational
The The The The EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean Union …Union …Union …Union …
What is the European Union – some facts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G1cds52Ko0
Italy :
http://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem
-c40db244-5b4a-4492-8142-88117af65217.html
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/20/what-is-the-eu-
why-was-it-created-and-when-was-it-formed1/
Hungary : facts
• https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries/hungary_en
• Example: Hungary’s finances with the EU in 2014:
• Total EU spending in Hungary – € 6.620 billion
• Total Hungarian contribution to the EU budget – € 0.890 billion
• (Hungarian contribution to the EU budget as % of its GNI – 0.88 %)
• Other countries, see : https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries/member-countries
Some successes built in Europe…
• Environmental policy
• Solidarity and development aid
• Mobility (Erasmus, Schengen)
• European market
• European citizenship
• Opening to other cultures, prosperity and no more wars
• Research policies
• (…)
Climate change – a global challenge
• reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % by 2030, compared to 1990
• raise the share of renewable energy to 27 % by 2030 (wind, solar, hydro power, biomass)
• increase energy efficiency by 27 % by 2030
To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2014 to:
Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy
• Regional fund
• Social fund
• Cohesion fund
Less-developed regions: GDP per capita under 75 % of the EU average
Transition regions: GDP per capita between 75 % and 90 % of the EU average
More-developed regions: GDP per capita over 90 % of the EU average
2014-2020: € 352 billion invested in infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for the benefit of poorer regions and citizens
The single market: freedom of choice
The single market has led to:
• significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls
• more choice for consumers
• 2.8 million new jobs
Four freedoms of movement:
• goods
• services
• people
• capital
Free to move
‘Schengen’
• No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries
• Controls strengthened at the EU’s external borders
• More cooperation between police from different EU countries
• Buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries
Going abroad to learn
Erasmus+
Every year, more than 400 000
young people study or pursue
personal development in other
European countries with the
support of the EU’s Erasmus+
programme for education,
training, youth and sport.
Improving health and the environment
EU action has helped bring about:
• cleaner bathing water
• much less acid rain
• lead-free petrol
• easy and safe disposal of old electronic equipment
• strict rules on food safety from farm to fork
• more organic and quality farming
• more effective health warnings on cigarettes
• registration and control of all chemicals (REACH)
Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed
An area of freedom, security and justice
• EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
• Joint fight against terrorism
• Cooperation between police and law-enforcers in different EU countries
• Coordinated asylum and immigration policies
• Civil law cooperation
The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity
• World trade rules
• Common foreign and security policy
• Development assistance and humanitarian aid
The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world
The EU provides over half of all development aid
Official development aid, billion € (2013)
56
24
8
EU United States Japan
Protecting consumers' rights
• Clear labelling
• Health and safety standards
• Unfair practice in contracts prohibited
• Passengers’ rights, such as compensation for long delays
• Help to resolve problems
As a consumer you are protected by basic laws all over the EU, even when you travel or shop online
Gender equality
The gender pay gap:
Women in the EU earn on average 16.4 % less per hour than men.
Research - investing in the knowledge society
Spending on research and development in 2012 (% of GDP)
2,1%
3,0%
1,8%
3,3%
2,7%
EU EU objective2020
China Japan United States
The Europe of Research
Sébastien CREPIEUX
Introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl6Yc5SDeg0
The framework programmes (FP)
Start : 1984 ; 8 framework programmes
Goal : Create a European Research Area
Quite a big success of the European Research policy
European Investment in Research,a rough idea
EC - FPs5%
National - public, private
95%
- Transnational scientific
collaboration
- Integration, pooling of resources
- Transfer of know-how,
mobility of researchers
and training
EU Framework funding for research
…. not significant in absolute terms, but contribute s to shape national research agendas and boosting :
The framework programmes (FP)
Start : 1984 ; 8 framework programmes
Goal : Create a European Research Area
Quite a big success of the European Research policy
2014-2020
>80B€
What is Horizon 2020?80 billion euro research and innovation funding
programme (2014-20)
A core part of Europe 2020. Why?
- Responding to the economic crisis to invest in future jobs and growth
- Addressing peoples’ concerns about their livelihoods, safety and environment.
- Strengthening the EU’s global position in research, innovation and technology
The Programme on Research and innovation called Horizon 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cympbCJSDtw
The importance of agriculture in Europe
40 % (172 m ha) of the EU’s land area is farmed.
Utilised agricultural area:60 % arable land33% permanent grasslands6% permanent crops
Annual agricultural output worth €360 billion
13.7 m agricultural holdings:
40% crop farming
22% livestock
38% mixed-farming holdings
* Figures from EUROSTAT 2007
Agriculture: Jobs, food security, environment, rural development, social cohesion
Challenges to current agriculture
Population growth + changing consumption patterns (demand for animal products) � Food production to be increased by 70% by 2050
FOOD SECURITY
Increased environmental instability/ climate change effects DIVERSIFICATION, INCREASED RESILIENCE OF FARMING SYSTEMS
Diminishing finite resources (e.g. soil, water, nutrients, energy)
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY, LOW INPUT PRODUCTION
Competing demands for land use, e.g. through increased non-food production and urbanisation
SUSTAINABLE LAND USE MANAGEMENT, MULTIPLE USES OF AGRICULTURAL (BY)-PRODUCTS
Main global drivers for change and associated challenges
INNOVATION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Little focus on the bioeconomy thematic whichwill – hopefully - totally change our society:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xvXkOMRTs4&list=PLvpwIjZTs-LiDRHZLsjkpM-xVGzV7b2Zv&index=3
Before H2020, from 2007 to 2013…The FP7
Same philosophy more targeted research thaninnovation (more univ. than SME’s/industries)
The WHEALBI project is one of the last proposal funded under FP7
Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement
COLLEGE / UNIVERSITIES PROJECT
Introduction to WHEALBI and to the college project
S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia International
Why WHEALBI PROJECT?
• Expanding population, less arable land
• Safe and environmentally friendly foodproduction
• Environmentally AND economically sustainableagriculture
• Adapting climate change
• Facing possible resources shortage (Energy, P,water…)
• After huge improvement, cereal yields arestagnating in EU
• Genetic progress (decrease?) not sufficient tocompensate adverse climatic factors
• Substitute genetics and agronomy to chemicalpest/disease (+weed?) control
• Varieties and crop management systems mustco-evolve towards productivity (of inputs) andsustainability
Why WHEALBI PROJECT?
EU ranks first for wheat (137 Mt) and barley (53 Mt) production
Wheat yield in top 5 countries in EU
WHEALBI
But cereal yields are stagnating in EU
Genetic progress must be speed up: needs for new methods…
Expected effect of climate change (% loss in
brown) on world Cereal Production 2050
(Nelson et al., 2010,www.ifpri.org)
The consortiumKick-off meeting. Clermont-Ferrand, March 11-12 201 4
Example of one participant and one WP:
http://www.niab.com
Example of one participating institute:
IPK Gatersleben
http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/
Example of one participating institute:
MTA – ATK Martonvasar
http://mgi.agrar.mta.hu/
Example of one partner:
http://www.sisonweb.com/it/
Dissemination, training and technology transfer
DISSEMINATION Leader WP: Sébastien Crépieux
Objectives: Make use of the project results – of major importance for any European project!
Disseminate information, reach the stakeholders (Plant Breeders, farmers, cooperatives, agro-industry, relevant
policy makers/platforms/associations)and target general public (including students)
Train young scientists and breeders
The College Project
http://www.whealbi.eu/college-project/
Objectives: To communicate around WHEALBI project and show the
importance of genetic resources for the future of agriculture, 5 European agriculture colleges and universities, coming
from 5 different countries (Italy, France, UK, Germany and Hungary ) will be involved in the dissemination of the project
The College Project
http://www.whealbi.eu/college-project/
Idea: Ask the different colleges/universities to conduct small trials on 15 diverse wheat and 15 diverse barley to
investigate, on a pedagogical way, the genetic diversity
Students from the different countries will be in contact (social network, dropbox, skype…) to discuss and analyse
informations about the diversity of the same varietiescultivated in different locations / environments
The College Project
Start of the project : September/October 2016
Participants:
Vetagro sup (Clermont-Ferrand, France)
Easton&Otley College (Norwich, UK)
Anhalt University of Applied Science (Anhalt, Germany)
Istituto Tecnico Agrario e Chimico Scarabelli – Ghini (Imola, Italy)
Georgikon Faculty , University of Pannonia (Keszthely, Hungary)
The College Project
Start of the project : September/October 2016
Timing:
September-December 2016 (according to usual sawing date): Introduction of the project to the students sawing of
the trials)
List of varieties with originAccession Species
Country of origin
Biological status
Year listed
Tiepolo Wheat Italy Current variety 2009
MV-Kolo Wheat Hungary Current variety 2006
KWS Santiago Wheat UK Current variety 2011
Soissons Wheat France Cultivar 1995
Bankuti-1201 Wheat Hungary Old cultivar 1955
Robigus Wheat UK Cultivar 2003
Hereward Wheat UK Cultivar 1991
WW 502 Wheat China Landrace
WW 512 Wheat Italy Landrace
Alchemy Wheat UK Cultivar 2006
Ardito Wheat Italy Old cultivar 1916
Apache Wheat France Cultivar 1999
Hivernal Wheat France Cultivar 1962
KWS Magic Wheat Germany Cultivar
Granit Wheat Russia Old cultivar 1978
Victo Wheat France Cultivar 1994
Accession SpeciesCountry of origin
Biological status
Year listed
Amillis Barley France cultivar 1995
Dea Barley Germany old cultivar 1953
Fridericus Barley Germany cultivar 2006
Hatif de Grignon Barley France old cultivar 1937
Ketos Barley France cultivar 2002
KWS Infinity Barley UK elite cultivar 2014?
Lomerit Barley UK elite cultivar 2007?
Robur Barley France cultivar 1973
Saffron Barley UK elite cultivar 2005?
Sixtine Barley Italy cultivar 2004
Manas Barley Ukraine cultivar 1995
Igri Barley Germany cultivar
Nure Barley Italy cultivar 1998
Tripolitaine 9598 Barley Lybia landrace
Aldebaran Barley Italy cultivar 2003
Tibet-A4 Barley Tibet landrace
Trial Example
Simple and no replicated design ����highly heritable traits recorded (mostly morphological)
Easy manual sawing possible (1 seed every 2cm, 3 * 1 met er rows/ variety)
Ex. WHEAT and BARLEY trials (to be defined later) max 10m
Max. size : 40m²
1m Path (0,5m) 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m
Wheat 3 rows, 0,5m VAR 1 VAR 2 VAR 3 CONTROL VAR 4 VAR 5
Path (0,5m)
VAR 6 CONTROL VAR 7 VAR 8 VAR 9 VAR 10
max 4m
Barley CONTROL var 1 var 2 var 3 var 4 var 5
var 6 var 7 var 8 var 9 var 10 CONTROL
The College Project
Timing:
Winter 2016: quick check of the trials by the students
March/April 2017: Intervention of a WHEALBI consortium member: Total : 1 to 2 days.
courses + trial visit + first recordings + discussion
The College Project
Timing:
From April 2017 to end of courses:Once or twice a week: recordings (personal work – can start to exchange with other colleges; ask questions on the forum, take pictures for disease identification to ask other colleges,
etc)
Beginning of June 2017 (according to college exams) or September 2017: small statistical and genetical analysis +
interaction with other colleges – videoconference
Video : drilling in UK
Video : Presentation Hungary
Video : Presentation Hungary
Video : Germany
Pictures + video: drilling in Italy
Wheat and barley Legacy for Breeding Improvement
Students trials
HOW TO DESCRIBE GENETIC RESSOURCES?
S. CREPIEUX, Arcadia InternationalIllustration and participation Audrey Didier, INRA CRB
Many data can be collected on trials
One way to do it : upload a smartphone application for recording
Search for : « Field Book App » :
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fieldbook.tracker&hl=frhttp://www.wheatgenetics.org/field-book
Or on paper ����you will get the file!
Work in binoms
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Go to the field and record !
How to describe genetic ressources?
Primary agro-morphological data
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Ear emergence(when does the ear goes out
of the stem?)
Height
Frost resistance(did they survive to
winter?)
@ CRB, INRA
Primary agro-morphological data
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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Resistance to lodging (doesthe plant fallover or not?)
How to describe genetic ressources?
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awns traitAnd awns length
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– Leaf width: mm of the flag leaf from the main culm,
measured at the widest point.Measured taken at maturity,
average value of 8 measures per plot.
– Leaf length: mm of the flag leaf of the main culm, from
auricles to the tip. Measuredtaken at maturity, average
value of 8 measures per plot.– Peduncle length: mm from the last node to the base of
the spike. Measured taken onthe main culm, average value
of 8 measures per plot.
Measures on flag leaf and peduncule (highly related to
canopy and yield)
Les données agro-morphologiques
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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Glume colour
Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Powdery mildew
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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0: no disease5 : middle infection
9 : full infection
Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Yellow rust
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9Brown rust (stem or leaf)
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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Disease resistances : scores from 0 to 9+ many more other diseases for wheat and barley if you want to go further and find other symptoms : Eyespot, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, Septoria Tritici, Tan
Spot, Take all, etc… Have a look at the guides on the Dropbox +
https://www.plantvillage.org/topics/barley/infos/diseases_and_pests_description_uses_propagation
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
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Septoria tritici Eyespot Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
On the grainOptionnaly after harvesting, can be done :
Colloque « Céréales », MHN Toulouse, 19 juin 2015
Grain colour
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Thousand Grain Weight(count 200 and weight)
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Takepictures
during the different
processes
Recordings
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Traits (fin : 20/05)Frost resistance (winter survival)Ear emergence (heading date +- 2cm above flag leaf)Plant HeightLodgingawnsawns lengthPeduncle length (or other morphological)YRBRMildewSeptoriaPictures
– Leaf width mm of the flag leaf from the main culm, measured at the widest point.Measured taken at maturity, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Leaf length mm of the flag leaf of the main culm, from auricles to the tip. Measuredtaken at maturity, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Peduncle length mm from the last node to the base of the spike. Measured taken onthe main culm, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Extrusion of Peduncle length mm from the auricle of the flag leaf to the base of thespike. Measured taken on the main culm, average value of 8 measures per plot.– Fruiting efficiency [grain/spike weight ratio] This can be done by hand-harvestingabout 10 spikes per plot from main culms and then weighing them and handthreshingto get the grain. If possible also take the length of the spikes.
Recordings
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VetagroSup - Video
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http://www.whealbi.eu/fr/college-project-vetagrosup/
VetagroSup - Video
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Facebook community has been created to exchange with other students
https://www.facebook.com/groups/whealbi/?fref=ts
Where videos, pictures are available
Questions?
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Next to come… trial visit + record short students pre sentation + video of the trial !