wheat production technology science nutrition business cropping breeding

7/31/2019 Wheat Production Technology Science Nutrition Business Cropping Breeding

1/47

MXKR EOVCECZOTCKL RXKJ@MT CC

XOFCE SOX IFOL

^@GMKE@TK OGG ROXTCMCROLT]


2/47

^F@OT RXKDPMTCKL T@MFLKGKNS

Hs:

Cxaol Ox}fodMx`dct ! QK F`gr Kaacm`x

Mxkr Eovceczotckl Rxkj`mtCC'

&DC]P# Xofce Sox Ifol


3/47

Cltxkdpmtckl

T`mflcmog Loe`9 Txctcmpe o`}tcqpe

Kxcncl old Fc}tkxs9 Acx}t nx`~ cl tf` Ecddg` @o}t' Kl` ka tf` acx}t rgolt} mpgtcqot`d ohkpt ??'222

sòx} onk,

4'222 H,M, ~fòt aoxecln }rxòd tk O}co' @pxkr`

oldLkxtf Oaxcmo

Cl ?6=4' Msxp} EmMkxecmi' ol Oe`xcmol

clq`lt`d o xòrcln eomfcl`,

Cl ?6=4' o tfx`}fcln eomfcl` ~o} og}k clq`lt`d


4/47

Cerkxtolm` ka ^f`ot

Lptxctcklog qogp` r`x ?22 n &=,0 kz#

@l`xns =12 imog ?0?2 iJ

Moxhkfsdxot`} 0?,6 n

Dc`toxs ach`x ?=,8 n

Aot 3,>8 n

Rxkt`cl 8=,?0 n

Tfcoecl` &Qct, H?# ?,668 en ?40%

Xchkagoqcl &Qct, H8# 2,433 en ==%

Lcomcl &Qct, H=# 1,6?= en 40%

Roltktf`lcm omcd&H0# 2,20 en ?%

Qctoecl H1 ?,= en ?22%

Akgot` &Qct, H3# 86? n >2%

Mogmcpe =3 en 4%

Cxkl 1,81 en 02%

Eonl`}cpe 8=3 en 10%

Rfk}rfkxp} 648 en ?82%

Rkto}}cpe 638 en ?3%

Zclm ?8,83 en ?8=%

Eolnol`}` ?=,=2? en

]torg` akkd akx ekx` tfol kl` tfcxd ka tf` ~kxgd rkrpgotckl,

Ol cerkxtolt `dchg` mxkr ka Roic}tol


5/47

Mkpltxs* 8226 `}t, 8223 akx`mo}t

ecggckl tkll`}

@pxkròl Plckl ?02,2 ?=6,1

Mfclo &Eoclgold# ??8,0 ???,2

Cldco >6,4 >>,1

Plct`d ]tot`} ka Oe`xcmo 16,2 00,?

Xp}}col A`d`xotckl 1=,6 00,2

Molodo 86,1 80,3

Roic}tol 8?,6 8=,6

Pixocl` 80,3 ?3,?

Op}txogco 8?,4 88,2

^fòt gòdcln rxkdpm`x} &822623#


6/47

^f`ot cerkxt hs mkpltxc`} ^f`ot `vrkxt hs mkpltxc`}


7/47

>==222

>62222

==222

168222

>02222

==222

13>222

>41222

>2222

>?66=8

6?2222

22

?22222

822222

=22222

422222022222

122222

>22222

622222

322222

8221 822> 8226 8223

Mkttkl^fòt

Xcm`

Oxò ka Eojkx Mxkr} XSIfol

Sòx

Omx`}


8/47

8=,4

8>,=

?1,>0

8?,26

=8,2>

?6,03

88,33

81,8

82,06

2

=2,0

8?,0?

2

0

?2

?082

80

=2

=0

8221 822> 8226 8223

Mkttkl^f`ot

Xcm`

Sc`gd ka Eojkx Mxkr} XSIfol

S`ox

Eopld}


9/47

?128?

>3>

86,2

0

8>,1

4

?0631

>02

=2,2

3

=8,>

?0682

>41

81,4

=

81,2

8

2

8222

4222

1222

6222

?2222

?8222

?4222

?1222

?6222

8221%2> 822>%26 8226%23

Oxò Rpljoh

Oxò XSIfol

Sc gd Rpljoh

Sc gd XSIfol

Oxò old Sc`gd ka ^fòt XSIfol

o} Mkerox`d tk Rpljoh

Oxò &222 Omx`}#

Sc`gd &cl eopld}#


10/47

]k~cln Tce`

@oxgs ]k~cln 80 Kmt ?2 Lk

Ecd ]k~cln ?2 Lk =2 Lk

Got` ]k~cln Prtk ?0 D`m`eh`x


11/47

Tce` ka ]k~cln akx Dcaa`x`lt Qoxc`tc`}

Qoxc`ts Tce` ka ]k~cln

Aoc}og Ohod 8226 Lk ?}t

D`m ?2Go}olc 8226 Lkq ?}t D`m ?2

]ofox 8221 Lk ?}t

D`m ?0

Oqqoh 8222 Lkq ?}t D`m ?2

Roljlold ? Lkq ?}t D`m ?0

Paoq 8228 Lkq ?}t Lkq 80

Eoltfox 822= Lkq ?}t D`m ?0

*Clqcgoh 3? Lk ?}t

D`m ?0

]foaoq 8221 Lkq ?2 D`m ?0

Aox``d 8221 Lkq ?2 D`m ?0Ecxoj 8226 Lkq ?2 D`m ?0

*Hfoiiox 8228 Lkq ?2 D`m ?2

* ]k~cln }fkpgd h` eod` kl eclcepe ox`o} o} tf` oxc`tc`} ox`

oaa`mt`d ~ctf xp}t dc}`o}`,


12/47

Qoxc`ts F`cnft&me#

Gòa ]txpmtpx` Gòa@rol}ckl

Eotpx` ]rci`Mkgkx

Oq, Lk, kaNxocl}+}rci`

Oq,

^`cnft+222

nxocl}

Rkt`ltcog Sc`gd&Eopld}+Omx`#

Aoc}og Ohod 8226 36%??2 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,> ?,6S`ggk~c}f

Hxk~l40 42 1?

Go}olc 8226 32%??2 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,> ?,3S`ggk~c}f

Hxk~l40 42 1?

]ofox 8221 ?20%??2 ]txocnft 8 8,0 ^fct` 48 41 14

Pqqoh 8222?22%??2 Roxtcog ]txocnft ? ?,0 ^fct` 16 =1,8 13

Roljlold ? 66 % 36 ]txocnft ?,3 8,4 ^fct` 0= =0 >2

Paoq 8228 36 % ?26 Roxtcog ]txocnft 8,=S`ggk~c}f

Hxk~l44 4?,> >2

Eoltfox 822= 60 % 36 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,6 8,6 ^fct` 00 => 16

*Clqcgoh 3? ?20 % ??2 Roxtcog ]txocnft =,1 X`ddc}f Hxk~l 40 42,3 >8

]foaoq 8221 32 ?22 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,0 8 X`ddc}f Hxk~l 06 41 12

Aox``d 8221 >0 % 32 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,6 8,6 X`ddc}f Hxk~l 46 40 41

Ecxoj 8226 32 % 30 ]txocnft ?,6 X`d 00 48 10

*Hfoiiox 8228 ?22 % ?20 Roxtcog ]txocnft ?,3Gcnft X`ddc}f

Hxk~l18 40 >=

Mfoxomt`xc}tcm} ka X`mkee`ld`d Qoxc`tc`}

* ]k~cln }fkpgd h` eod` kl eclcepe oxò} o} tf` oxc`tc`} ox`

oaa`mt`d ~ctf xp}t dc}ò}`,


13/47

]kcg Tsr` ! Gold Rx`roxotckl

]kcg Tsr`

^fòt mol h` nxk~l }olds gkoe tk mgos }kcg hpth`}t nxk~l kl gkoes }kcg,

Gold Rx`roxotckl

Mpgtcot` tf` aoggk~ gold 40 tce`} hàkx` }k~cln

P}` gold g``g`x ca x`qpcx`d

]rgct tf` ac`gd cltk }eogg rkxtckl} hàkx` xkplc ~ot`x

Oat`x xkplc ~ot`x ot ~ottox mkldctckl}' p}` rgoli`xtk rx`}`x` ekc}tpx`

P}` Doh e`tfkd cl òxgs old ecd }ò}klmpgtcotckl ka ~fòt tk mkltxkg ~``d},


14/47

]``d Xot` ! Txòte`lt

P}` ka _pogcts ]``d M`xtcac`d }``d, &Rpljoh ]``d Mkxrkxotckl# Nxod`d ]``d &Tfxkpnf }``d nxod`x},#

Tfxkpnf 84 }``d nxod`x} cl Dc}txcmt Xofce Sox Ifol,

]``d Xot`02 In, ?0tf Lkèh`x,

12 In, ?1tf tk =2tf Lkèh`x,

>2 In,

?}t

D`mèh`x tk ?0tf

D`mèh`x,

]``d Txòte`lt ]``d dx`}}cln Aplncmcd` &8 nxoe}+ In,#


15/47

]k~cln E`tfkd}

]k~cln ka ^fòt oat`x Mkttkl+]pnoxmol`

]k~cln ka ^fòt oat`x Xcm`

]k~cln ka ^fòt kl H`d}


16/47


17/47

]k~cln ka ^fòt oat`x Mkttkl+ ]pnoxmol`

?, ôttox E`tfkd

Orrgs cxxcnotckl ~ot`x 82 dos} hàkx` tf`fox`}tcln ka mkttkl }tcmi},

Oat`x aclog rcmicln old fox`}tcln ka mkttkl}tcmi}' mpgtcot` tf` gold 8 tce`} hs mpgtcotkxakggk~`d hs tf` p}` ka xktootkx,

Tf`l dxcgg tf` }``d ~ctf tf` f`gr ka Xohc Dxcggtk n`t eovcepe n`xeclotckl,


18/47

]k~cln ka ^f`ot oat`x Mkttkl+ ]pnoxmol`,

8, Dxs E`tfkd Oat`x foxq`}tcln ka }pnoxmol` kx x`ekqog

ka mkttkl }tcmi} mpgtcqot` tf` gold t~k

tce`} ~ctf tf` f`gr ka mpgtcqotkx Tf`l kl` tce` ~ctf tf` f`gr ka xktoqotkx

kx dc}i foxxk~,

Tf`l dxcgg tf` }``d cl dxs mkldctckl old

orrgs cxxcnotckl ~ot`x cee`dcot`gs, Tfc} e`tfkd }oq`} tce` old `l}px`}

nkkd n`xeclotckl,


19/47

]k~cln ka ^fòt oat`x Mkttkl+ ]pnoxmol`,

=, Npr Mfpt E`tfkd

Oat`x xèkog ka mkttkl }tcmi} mpgtcot` tf`gold 8 tce`} ~ctf tf` f`gr ka mpgtcotkx

akggk~`d hs fòs rgolicln, Tf`l cxxcnot` tf` ac`gd old hxkodmo}t tf`

~fòt }``d ~fcmf }fkpgd h` }koi`d 6?2

fkpx} hàkx` hxkodmo}tcln, Tfc} e`tfkd c} `xs p}àpg cl }ogt oaa`mt`d

}kcg},


20/47

]k~cln ka ^f`ot oat`x Xcm`

]tkr cxxcnotckl ~ot`x ?0 dos} h`akx` tf`fox`}tcln ka xcm`,

Tf`l cee`dcot`gs oat`x fox`}tcln p}` kl`tce` xktootkx old t~ktce` mpgtcotkx+dc}ifoxxk~ old tf` t~k mpgtcotckl} akggk~`dhs rgolicln,

Tf`l dxcgg tf` }``d ~ctf tf` f`gr ka Xohcdxcgg,


21/47

]k~cln ka ^f`ot kl H`d}

^f`x` tf`x` c} }fkxton` ka cxxcnotckl ~ot`x'~f`ot mol h` }k~l kl h`d},

]pnoxmol` old xor` }``d+ ep}toxd mol og}k

h` }k~l o} clt`xmxkrrcln,


22/47

A`xtcgcz`xEolonè`lt

Hogolm`d P}` ka A`xtcgcz`x

Ologsz` tf` }totp} ka ]kcg a`xtcgcts ! }ogt}

Tf` xotck ka L: R }fkpgd h` ?,0: ?

Rkto}f a`xtcgcz`x }fkpgd h` orrgc`d akx ~fòt }k~cln

oat`x Xcm`' ]pnoxmol` old mkttkl Orrgs cxxcnotckl ~ot`x cee`dcot`gs oat`x tf` p}` kapxò a`xtcgcz`x

P}` Nsr}pe cl }ogt oaa`mt`d }kcg} hàkx` ekl}kkl

P}` ogg Lctxkn`l a`xtcgcz`x prtk =?}t Jolpoxs' got`p}on` ka lctxkn`l ~cgg mop}` gknncln,

P}` ogg rfk}rfotcm ! rkto}f a`xtcgcz`x ot }k~cln calkt orrgc`d tf`l p}` ot ?}t cxxcnotckl


23/47

A`xtcgcz`x X`mkee`ldotckl}

Rkkx 08 41 80 8 DOR ) ?+8 Pò ) ? ]KR? Pxò kx?,0 Oeklcpe

Lctxot`

Oq`xon` 48 =4 80 ?,0 DOR ) ?+8 Pxò ) ? ]KR? Pxò kx?,0 Oeklcpe

Lctxot`

A`xtcg =8 8= 80 ? DOR ) ?+8 Pxò ) ? ]KR

?+8 Pxò kx ? Oeklcpe

Lctxot`

X`mkee`ld`d A`xtcgcz`x Dk}`}, &In#

]kcg Tsr` L R I Ot ]k~cln &Hon}#Ot ?}t+8ld Cxxcnotckl

&Hon}#


24/47

Jpdcmckp} P}` ka Cxxcnotckl

Akx ~fòt }k~cln oat`x Mkttkl+]pnoxmol`

?}t Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x 8280 dos} ka }k~cln Ot Tcgg`xcln }ton`

8ld Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x 6232 dos} ka }k~cln Ot hkkt akxeotckl

=xd Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x ?80 ?=2 dos} ka }k~cln Ot nxocl akxeotckl

Akx ~fòt }k~cln oat`x Xcm`

?}t Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x =242 dos} ka }k~cln

8ld Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x 6232 dos} ka }k~cln

=xd Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x ?80 ?=2 dos} ka }k~cln

Akx got` }k~l ~fòt

?}t Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x 8280 dos} ka }k~cln

8ld Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x >262 dos} ka }k~cln

=

xd

Cxxcnotckl: Oat`x ??2??0 dos} ka }k~cln


25/47

^``d Eolonè`lt

^``d} mop}` o gk}} ka ?4 48 % cl sc`gd,

T~k tsr` ka ~``d} Hxkod gòq` ~``d} & Hotfk' Jplngs Rogci' Jolngc ]ox}kkl'

Ioxpld' G`f' Mfotxc' Dfkdoi' ]foftxo' ]`lnc' Eoclo' Rkfgc'X`~oxc' `tm#

Loxxk~ gòq` ~``d} &Dpehc ]cttc' ^cgd kot' Joqc'`tm# ^``d Mkltxkg Eò}px`}

P}` ka Mgòl+~``d ax`` }``d

Fold rpggcln &ca eolpog gohkx oocgohg`#

P}` ka Dooh e`tfkd & cl òxgs ! ecd }k~cln# E`mfolcmog E`tfkd} c,` Fk`cln' hox foxxk~ `tm

Mfècmog Mkltxkg


26/47

^``d Eolon`e`lt


27/47

^``d} ka ~f`ot


28/47

^``d} ka ~f`ot


29/47

Mfècmog Mkltxkg akx hxkod gòq` ~``d}

- Mkeekl Loe` Txod` loe` Dk}`+Omx` Toxn`t ~``d}

? Hxkekvslcg

)EMAO

HpmtxcgE 42@M 022 Eg Hxkod Gò`^``d}' Hotfp

8 Hxkekvslcg

)EMRO

HxkeclogE42 @M 022 Eg Ioxpld' Gofgc

= T`xhptxsl)

Txc}ogapxkl

Gknxol @vtxo

14 ^N

?22 ne Mfotxc' Dfkdoi']foftxo' ]`lnc'

Eoclo4 R`lce`tfogcl ]tker ==2 @M ?022

8222 eg

Rkfgc' X`~oxc'Hcggc Hkktc' Gocf


30/47

Mfècmog Mkltxkg akx loxxk~ gòq` ~``d}

- Mkeekl Loe` Txod`Loe`

Dk}`+Omx` Toxn`t ~``d}

? A`lkvorxkr

R @tfsg

Rpeeo]prr`x

022 eg Loxxk~ gò`^``d}

^cgd kot' Dpehc]cttc


31/47

^``dcmcd` akx hxkod ! loxxk~ g`oq` ~``d}

- Mkeekl Loe` Txod` loe` Dk}`+Omx Toxn`t ~``d}

?C}krxktpxkl )

Dcagpa`lcmolRoltf`x 08 ],M

622 Eg

Loxxk~ !

Hxkod g`oq`

^``d}8 C}krxktpxkl

Ox`gol 022 A^

Nxoeclkl 02 A^

Tkgiol

622%322 Eg

622%322 ne

622%322 ne

= E`txchpzcl ]`lmkx >2 ^R ?22 ne


32/47

Tktog Eoxi`t X} 8,2 Hcggckl

^f`ot

Mkttkl

]pnoxmol`

Xcm`

Rktotk

P}` ka ~``dcmcd`}


33/47

Tsr`} ka lkzzg`Tsr` ka lkzzg`


34/47


35/47

Mkltxkg Eò}px`} akx cl}`mt r`}t}

P}` eclcepe r`}tcmcd`},

Nxk~ a`~ gcl`} ka }ox}kl mxkr} oxkpld tf` ~fòtac`gd akx tf` hckgkncmog mkltxkg ka orfcd} kl ~fòt,

P}` dp}t r`}tcmcd`} oxkpld tf` ac`gd tk rx`q`lt tfòxes~kxe tk ekq` axke cla`mt`d ac`gd tk ploaa`mt`dac`gd,

Cxxcnot` tf` ac`gd tk mkltxkg tf` mpt~kxe,

P}` tf` motmfcln txor} old og}k p}` tf` Rfk}tkvcl&T~k tohg`t}+ hpxxk~# akx mkltxkg ka xot}


36/47

Dc}`o}`} ka ~f`ot

Gkk}` }ept mop}`d hs P}tcgonk txctcmc


37/47

@ox mkmig` Dc}`o}` mop}`d hs Olnpclo

txctcmc

Agon }ept mop}`d hs Pxkms}tc} txctcmc

Xp}t mop}`d hs Rpmmclco }rr,

c cc


38/47

I`xlog hplt mop}`d hs Tcgg`tco cldcmo

Rk~doxs ecgd`~ mop}`d hs @xs}crf`

nxoeclc}


39/47

Mkltxkg eò}px`}

P}` tf` x`}c}tolm` oxc`tc`} ka ~fòt

]``d txòte`lt} ~ctf aplncmcd`} &8n+in ka

}``d}#

P}` fògtfs }``d}

Prxkkt tf` àa`mt`d rgolt} ~ctf dc}ò}`


40/47

Foxq`}tcln

Foxq`}t tf` ~fòt mxkr otr`xa`mt eotpxcts,

Eolon` gohkx' txò}px`}'xòr`x}' txomtkx}' old rgo}tcm}f``t} hàkx` foxq`}tcln,

Dk lkt foxq`}t tf` mxkr dpxclnxocl}


41/47

Foxq`}tcln


42/47

]r`mcog Clctcotcq`} akx Toxn`tcln Akkd ]`mpxcts

tfxkpnf Rxkdpmtcqcts @lfolmè`lt ka ^fòt

Rxkqc}ckl ka }ph}cdcz`d cergè`lt} tk tf` aoxe`x}

^fòt Dèkl}txotckl Rgkt}

^fòt Sc`gd Mker`tctckl


43/47

]x,Lk Loe` kaCergè`lt}, Oggkmotckl Oggkt d hkki`d, D`gcq x`d R`x PlctRxcm`

? ]``d Nxod`x} ?= ?= 6 6 >2222

8

Hlod Rgomè`lt

Dxcgg 04 04 0= 0= >2222

= Xohc Dxcgg 8= 8= 8? 8? =0222

4 Fold ]rxos`x} ?=82 6?= >4? >4? =022

Toxn`tcln Akkd ]`mpxcts Tfxkpnf Rxkdpmtcqcts

@lfolmè`lt ka ^fòt &Cergè`lt}#8226%23

Oggkmotckl Ptcgcz`d % Ptcgcz`d,

020>022 =042802 >2%

Aclolmcog Ptcgczotckl, &cl X}#

RXKQC]CKL KA ]PH]CDCZ@D CERG@E@LT] TK TF@ AOXE@X]


44/47

]x,Lk

Loe` ka

Dèkl}txotckl

Rgkt},

? ^fòt

Ptcgcz`d

%

Ptcgcz`d,

683442 62%

Aclolmcog ptcgczotckl,&Cl X}#

Oggkmotckl

Goskpt ka ^fòt Dèkl}txotckl Rgkt} ( Toxn`tcln Akkd ]`mpxctsTfxkpnf Rxkdpmtcqcts @lfolmè`lt ka ^fòt ( 8226%23

Oggkmotckl

?88

]k~cln ka D,Rgkt},

?88

?2=>222


45/47

^F@OT SC@GD MKER@TCTCKL 822623

Loe` kaT`f}cg

Lk, kaorrgcmotckl

x`m`c`d

Lk,ka^f`ot rgkt}

~f`x`c}poggs

cl}r`mt`d

Tktog Lk, kargkt} tk h`fox`}t`d

Lk, ka Rgkt}aclogcz`d hstf` Eoxiozmkeectt``

akxfox`}tcln

Lk, ka~f`ot rgkt}fox`}t`d

Xofce SoxIfol

8>1 8>1 >2 >2 ?1

]odcq Ohod 8>1 8>1 >2 44 ?>

Ifol Rpx 814 814 02 02 8?

GcoqpotRpx

848 848 02 44 ?2

Dc}txcmtTktog

?206 ?206 842 826 14


46/47

Cergè`lt} tk h` rxkqcd`d pld`x^fòt Sc`gd Mker`tctckl 8226%23

Xòr`x

Txomtkx Dc`}`g @lncl`

A`xtcgcz`x Hold rgomè`lt Dxcgg

]x,

Lk,

Loe` ka

Cergè`lt

Lpeh`x

tk h`

rxkqcd`d

? Acot Txomtkx'

00FR

20

8 Dc`}`g @lncl` 24

= Xòr`x 20

4 Hold rgomè`lt

Dxcgg

2?


47/47

Tfoli Skp

wheat production technology science nutrition business cropping breeding

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