where do the spirals come from? · spirals come from? a multi-wavelength, high-resolution study of...

WHERE DO THE SPIRALS COME FROM? Amulti-wavelength,high-resolutionstudyofHD135344B

COLLABORATORS : S. FACCHINI (MPE), M. TAZZARI (IOA CAMBRIDGE), P. PINILLA (U. OF ARIZONA), M. BENISTY (U. DE CHILE, CNRS), N. VAN

DER MAREL (HERZBERG INSTITUTE), A. GARUFI (U. MADRID), L. PEREZ (U. DE CHILE, MPIR), E. VAN DISHOECK (STRW LEIDEN, MPE)

Protoplanetary “disks”…

2

V12457Ori

Kraus+2017

HD135344B

vanderMarel+2016

Dusttraps:wheredustgrowsandplanetsform

SPF2 14 MARCH 2017 P. CAZZOLETTI

MWC758

Boehler+2018

…or planet-forming disks?

3

Planetsareinvokedastheoriginofstructures:•  Planetscancarvetheinnergap•  Planetscangeneratepressurebumps(therings)(e.g.Pinilla+2012,Cazzoletti+2016)•  Planetscantriggervortices(theasymmetries)•  Planetscanlaunchspiralarms

•  1planet?(Fung&Dong2015)•  2planets?(Stolker+2016,2017)

Stolker+2017

HD135344B


Vortex launching spirals?

4

Thevortexistriggeringdensitywaves(e.g.Zhu&Baruteau2015)

VLT/SPHERE

ALMA0.88mm


(vanderMarel,Cazzolettetal.2016)

More evidence

5

Benisty+15

V12457Ori

Kraus+2017

HD135344B

vanderMarel+2016

MWC758

Boehler+2018

Stolker+2017


mm

NIR

Notanisolatedcase

Questions to answer

• 

6


New long wavelength ALMA data

7

•  Higherresolution:0.06”•  Band3andBand4data:expectedtobeopticallythin•  TobecombinedwithourBand7(0.88mm)andBand9(0.4mm)data


: 2.75 mm : 1.9 mm

Cazzolettietal.inprep.

Fit of the brightness profile

8


: 1.9 mm

OUTERASYMMETRICGAUSSIAN

•  FitforbothrealandimaginarypartineachUVpoint•  GALARIO(Tazzari+2018)

Aftercenteringanddeprojecting

Differences between the 4 bands

9


Cazzolettietal.inprep.

Peak azimuthal shift

10


Thecenterofthevortexshiftswithgrainsize

(Baruteau&Zhu2016)

Questions to answer

• 

11


Is the vortex massive enough?

12

Mdust =F⌫d2

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Assumingopticallythinemission

Measured 140pc

10cm2/g@1000GHz 15K(vanderMarel+2015)

Mdust~30MEarth


gas/dust=100

gas/dust=1-10

Mtot~10MJ

Mtot~0.2-1MJ

Probablynotenough

Optical thickness

13

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15K ⌧⌫ ⇠ 0.6<latexit sha1_base64="pMA5EQCuzYu39tsHXTWg60rXTik=">AAAB+XicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPXV6tLNYBFchUTEx67oxmUFYwtNCJPppB06MwnzUErsp7hxoeLWP3Hn3zhts9DWAxcO59zLvfckOaNKe963s7S8srq2Xtmobm5t7+zW6nv3KjMSkwBnLJOdBCnCqCCBppqRTi4J4gkj7WR4PfHbD0Qqmok7PcpJxFFf0JRipK0U1+qhRiYOhYGhohx67llca3iuNwVcJH5JGqBEK659hb0MG06Exgwp1fW9XEcFkppiRsbV0CiSIzxEfdK1VCBOVFRMTx/DI6v0YJpJW0LDqfp7okBcqRFPbCdHeqDmvYn4n9c1Or2ICipyo4nAs0WpYVBncJID7FFJsGYjSxCW1N4K8QBJhLVNq2pD8OdfXiTBiXvperenjeZVmUYFHIBDcAx8cA6a4Aa0QAAweATP4BW8OU/Oi/PufMxal5xyZh/8gfP5A0a2kuU=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="pMA5EQCuzYu39tsHXTWg60rXTik=">AAAB+XicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPXV6tLNYBFchUTEx67oxmUFYwtNCJPppB06MwnzUErsp7hxoeLWP3Hn3zhts9DWAxcO59zLvfckOaNKe963s7S8srq2Xtmobm5t7+zW6nv3KjMSkwBnLJOdBCnCqCCBppqRTi4J4gkj7WR4PfHbD0Qqmok7PcpJxFFf0JRipK0U1+qhRiYOhYGhohx67llca3iuNwVcJH5JGqBEK659hb0MG06Exgwp1fW9XEcFkppiRsbV0CiSIzxEfdK1VCBOVFRMTx/DI6v0YJpJW0LDqfp7okBcqRFPbCdHeqDmvYn4n9c1Or2ICipyo4nAs0WpYVBncJID7FFJsGYjSxCW1N4K8QBJhLVNq2pD8OdfXiTBiXvperenjeZVmUYFHIBDcAx8cA6a4Aa0QAAweATP4BW8OU/Oi/PufMxal5xyZh/8gfP5A0a2kuU=</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="pMA5EQCuzYu39tsHXTWg60rXTik=">AAAB+XicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPXV6tLNYBFchUTEx67oxmUFYwtNCJPppB06MwnzUErsp7hxoeLWP3Hn3zhts9DWAxcO59zLvfckOaNKe963s7S8srq2Xtmobm5t7+zW6nv3KjMSkwBnLJOdBCnCqCCBppqRTi4J4gkj7WR4PfHbD0Qqmok7PcpJxFFf0JRipK0U1+qhRiYOhYGhohx67llca3iuNwVcJH5JGqBEK659hb0MG06Exgwp1fW9XEcFkppiRsbV0CiSIzxEfdK1VCBOVFRMTx/DI6v0YJpJW0LDqfp7okBcqRFPbCdHeqDmvYn4n9c1Or2ICipyo4nAs0WpYVBncJID7FFJsGYjSxCW1N4K8QBJhLVNq2pD8OdfXiTBiXvperenjeZVmUYFHIBDcAx8cA6a4Aa0QAAweATP4BW8OU/Oi/PufMxal5xyZh/8gfP5A0a2kuU=</latexit>

⌧⌫ = ⌃dustk⌫<latexit sha1_base64="zbXDtg5R4rkYO/0x4uxaRjrMTXQ=">AAACCHicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+nVraLAbBKlxEUAshaGMZ0ZhALhx7m02yZHfv2J0VwpHWxr9iY6Fi60+w89+4Sa7Q6IOBx3szzMyLU8ENBMGXV1hYXFpeKa6W1tY3Nrf87Z07k1hNWYMmItGtmBgmuGIN4CBYK9WMyFiwZjy8nPjNe6YNT9QtjFLWkaSveI9TAk6KfBwCsVGo7Hl4w/uSRFmoJe5aA2M8nOiRXw4qwRT4L6nmpIxy1CP/M+wm1EqmgApiTLsapNDJiAZOBRuXQmtYSuiQ9FnbUUUkM51s+skYHzili3uJdqUAT9WfExmRxoxk7DolgYGZ9ybif17bQu+0k3GVWmCKzhb1rMCQ4EksuMs1oyBGjhCqubsV0wHRhIILr+RCqM6//Jc0jipnleD6uFy7yNMooj20jw5RFZ2gGrpCddRAFD2gJ/SCXr1H79l7895nrQUvn9lFv+B9fAMYQ5on</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="zbXDtg5R4rkYO/0x4uxaRjrMTXQ=">AAACCHicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+nVraLAbBKlxEUAshaGMZ0ZhALhx7m02yZHfv2J0VwpHWxr9iY6Fi60+w89+4Sa7Q6IOBx3szzMyLU8ENBMGXV1hYXFpeKa6W1tY3Nrf87Z07k1hNWYMmItGtmBgmuGIN4CBYK9WMyFiwZjy8nPjNe6YNT9QtjFLWkaSveI9TAk6KfBwCsVGo7Hl4w/uSRFmoJe5aA2M8nOiRXw4qwRT4L6nmpIxy1CP/M+wm1EqmgApiTLsapNDJiAZOBRuXQmtYSuiQ9FnbUUUkM51s+skYHzili3uJdqUAT9WfExmRxoxk7DolgYGZ9ybif17bQu+0k3GVWmCKzhb1rMCQ4EksuMs1oyBGjhCqubsV0wHRhIILr+RCqM6//Jc0jipnleD6uFy7yNMooj20jw5RFZ2gGrpCddRAFD2gJ/SCXr1H79l7895nrQUvn9lFv+B9fAMYQ5on</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="zbXDtg5R4rkYO/0x4uxaRjrMTXQ=">AAACCHicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+nVraLAbBKlxEUAshaGMZ0ZhALhx7m02yZHfv2J0VwpHWxr9iY6Fi60+w89+4Sa7Q6IOBx3szzMyLU8ENBMGXV1hYXFpeKa6W1tY3Nrf87Z07k1hNWYMmItGtmBgmuGIN4CBYK9WMyFiwZjy8nPjNe6YNT9QtjFLWkaSveI9TAk6KfBwCsVGo7Hl4w/uSRFmoJe5aA2M8nOiRXw4qwRT4L6nmpIxy1CP/M+wm1EqmgApiTLsapNDJiAZOBRuXQmtYSuiQ9FnbUUUkM51s+skYHzili3uJdqUAT9WfExmRxoxk7DolgYGZ9ybif17bQu+0k3GVWmCKzhb1rMCQ4EksuMs1oyBGjhCqubsV0wHRhIILr+RCqM6//Jc0jipnleD6uFy7yNMooj20jw5RFZ2gGrpCddRAFD2gJ/SCXr1H79l7895nrQUvn9lFv+B9fAMYQ5on</latexit>

⌃dust 0.1� 1 g cm�2<latexit sha1_base64="5rfhqIQ998JYOOUtU9OJpoq2axU=">AAACEHicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/qh69LBahh7YkRVBvRS8eKxpbaGLYbLbt0t0k7G6EEupP8OJf8eJBxatHb/4bN20O2vpg4PHeDDPz/JhRqUzz2ygsLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29WxklAhMbRywSXR9JwmhIbEUVI91YEMR9Rjr+6CLzO/dESBqFN2ocE5ejQUj7FCOlJa9cda7pgCMvdQSHQSLV5MFsWHXLqWXCwKlBzO/SenPilStmw5wCLhIrJxWQo+2Vv5wgwgknocIMSdmzzFi5KRKKYkYmJSeRJEZ4hAakp2mIOJFuOv1oAo+0EsB+JHSFCk7V3xMp4lKOua87OVJDOe9l4n9eL1H9UzelYZwoEuLZon7CoIpgFg8MqCBYsbEmCAuqb4V4iATCSodY0iFY8y8vErvZOGuYV8eV1nmeRhEcgENQBRY4AS1wCdrABhg8gmfwCt6MJ+PFeDc+Zq0FI5/ZB39gfP4AcNObrw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="5rfhqIQ998JYOOUtU9OJpoq2axU=">AAACEHicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/qh69LBahh7YkRVBvRS8eKxpbaGLYbLbt0t0k7G6EEupP8OJf8eJBxatHb/4bN20O2vpg4PHeDDPz/JhRqUzz2ygsLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29WxklAhMbRywSXR9JwmhIbEUVI91YEMR9Rjr+6CLzO/dESBqFN2ocE5ejQUj7FCOlJa9cda7pgCMvdQSHQSLV5MFsWHXLqWXCwKlBzO/SenPilStmw5wCLhIrJxWQo+2Vv5wgwgknocIMSdmzzFi5KRKKYkYmJSeRJEZ4hAakp2mIOJFuOv1oAo+0EsB+JHSFCk7V3xMp4lKOua87OVJDOe9l4n9eL1H9UzelYZwoEuLZon7CoIpgFg8MqCBYsbEmCAuqb4V4iATCSodY0iFY8y8vErvZOGuYV8eV1nmeRhEcgENQBRY4AS1wCdrABhg8gmfwCt6MJ+PFeDc+Zq0FI5/ZB39gfP4AcNObrw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="5rfhqIQ998JYOOUtU9OJpoq2axU=">AAACEHicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/qh69LBahh7YkRVBvRS8eKxpbaGLYbLbt0t0k7G6EEupP8OJf8eJBxatHb/4bN20O2vpg4PHeDDPz/JhRqUzz2ygsLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29WxklAhMbRywSXR9JwmhIbEUVI91YEMR9Rjr+6CLzO/dESBqFN2ocE5ejQUj7FCOlJa9cda7pgCMvdQSHQSLV5MFsWHXLqWXCwKlBzO/SenPilStmw5wCLhIrJxWQo+2Vv5wgwgknocIMSdmzzFi5KRKKYkYmJSeRJEZ4hAakp2mIOJFuOv1oAo+0EsB+JHSFCk7V3xMp4lKOua87OVJDOe9l4n9eL1H9UzelYZwoEuLZon7CoIpgFg8MqCBYsbEmCAuqb4V4iATCSodY0iFY8y8vErvZOGuYV8eV1nmeRhEcgENQBRY4AS1wCdrABhg8gmfwCt6MJ+PFeDc+Zq0FI5/ZB39gfP4AcNObrw==</latexit>


@2mm

Questions to answer

1. IS THE VORTEX MASSIVE ENOUGH?

2. IS DUST BEING TRAPPED?

3. IS DUST GROWING?

14


Is dust being trapped?

15

Rephrased:isthereanenhancementofdustwithrespecttogas?Modelsshowgas/dust~1(e.g.Pinilla+2012)

Baruteau

&Zh

u201

6 ⌃gas ⇠ 1 g cm�2<latexit sha1_base64="Glk2w7jKj0U6vUYbO5vtV/paT0U=">AAACD3icbVC7TsMwFHXKq5RXgJHFokIwlCqpkICtgoWxCEIrNaFyXCe1aieR7SBVUT6BhV9hYQDEysrG3+CmHaDlSFc6Pude+d7jJ4xKZVnfRmlhcWl5pbxaWVvf2Nwyt3fuZJwKTBwcs1h0fCQJoxFxFFWMdBJBEPcZafvDy7HffiBC0ji6VaOEeByFEQ0oRkpLPfPQvaEhR73MFRyGSOaupBzabq14uzWI+X123Mh7ZtWqWwXgPLGnpAqmaPXML7cf45STSGGGpOzaVqK8DAlFMSN5xU0lSRAeopB0NY0QJ9LLioNyeKCVPgxioStSsFB/T2SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6qQrOvIxGSapIhCcfBSmDKobjdGCfCoIVG2mCsKB6V4gHSCCsdIYVHYI9e/I8cRr187p1fVJtXkzTKIM9sA+OgA1OQRNcgRZwAAaP4Bm8gjfjyXgx3o2PSWvJmM7sgj8wPn8ATPybqw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Glk2w7jKj0U6vUYbO5vtV/paT0U=">AAACD3icbVC7TsMwFHXKq5RXgJHFokIwlCqpkICtgoWxCEIrNaFyXCe1aieR7SBVUT6BhV9hYQDEysrG3+CmHaDlSFc6Pude+d7jJ4xKZVnfRmlhcWl5pbxaWVvf2Nwyt3fuZJwKTBwcs1h0fCQJoxFxFFWMdBJBEPcZafvDy7HffiBC0ji6VaOEeByFEQ0oRkpLPfPQvaEhR73MFRyGSOaupBzabq14uzWI+X123Mh7ZtWqWwXgPLGnpAqmaPXML7cf45STSGGGpOzaVqK8DAlFMSN5xU0lSRAeopB0NY0QJ9LLioNyeKCVPgxioStSsFB/T2SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6qQrOvIxGSapIhCcfBSmDKobjdGCfCoIVG2mCsKB6V4gHSCCsdIYVHYI9e/I8cRr187p1fVJtXkzTKIM9sA+OgA1OQRNcgRZwAAaP4Bm8gjfjyXgx3o2PSWvJmM7sgj8wPn8ATPybqw==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Glk2w7jKj0U6vUYbO5vtV/paT0U=">AAACD3icbVC7TsMwFHXKq5RXgJHFokIwlCqpkICtgoWxCEIrNaFyXCe1aieR7SBVUT6BhV9hYQDEysrG3+CmHaDlSFc6Pude+d7jJ4xKZVnfRmlhcWl5pbxaWVvf2Nwyt3fuZJwKTBwcs1h0fCQJoxFxFFWMdBJBEPcZafvDy7HffiBC0ji6VaOEeByFEQ0oRkpLPfPQvaEhR73MFRyGSOaupBzabq14uzWI+X123Mh7ZtWqWwXgPLGnpAqmaPXML7cf45STSGGGpOzaVqK8DAlFMSN5xU0lSRAeopB0NY0QJ9LLioNyeKCVPgxioStSsFB/T2SISznivu7kSA3krDcW//O6qQrOvIxGSapIhCcfBSmDKobjdGCfCoIVG2mCsKB6V4gHSCCsdIYVHYI9e/I8cRr187p1fVJtXkzTKIM9sA+OgA1OQRNcgRZwAAaP4Bm8gjfjyXgx3o2PSWvJmM7sgj8wPn8ATPybqw==</latexit>


WecalculateGas/dust~1

St / ⌃�1gas

<latexit sha1_base64="r10cwt/8z3lwRYSA9fxi/4z4PsI=">AAACBnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS0FWQyCjeFOBLUL2lhG4plA7gx7m02yZPf22J0TwpHOxr9iY6Fi62+w89+4+Sg08cHA470ZZuZFieAGXPfbyS0sLi2v5FcLa+sbm1vF7Z07o1JNmU+VULoREcMEj5kPHARrJJoRGQlWj/pXI7/+wLThKr6FQcJCSbox73BKwEqt4n4NgkSrBFRQ411JWlmgJe4SM7zPjr1hq1hyy+4YeJ54U1JCU1Rbxa+grWgqWQxUEGOanptAmBENnAo2LASpYQmhfdJlTUtjIpkJs/EfQ3xolTbuKG0rBjxWf09kRBozkJHtlAR6ZtYbif95zRQ652HG4yQFFtPJok4qMCg8CgW3uWYUxMASQjW3t2LaI5pQsNEVbAje7MvzxD8pX5S9m9NS5XKaRh7toQN0hDx0hiroGlWRjyh6RM/oFb05T86L8+58TFpzznRmF/2B8/kDq9KZYA==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="r10cwt/8z3lwRYSA9fxi/4z4PsI=">AAACBnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS0FWQyCjeFOBLUL2lhG4plA7gx7m02yZPf22J0TwpHOxr9iY6Fi62+w89+4+Sg08cHA470ZZuZFieAGXPfbyS0sLi2v5FcLa+sbm1vF7Z07o1JNmU+VULoREcMEj5kPHARrJJoRGQlWj/pXI7/+wLThKr6FQcJCSbox73BKwEqt4n4NgkSrBFRQ411JWlmgJe4SM7zPjr1hq1hyy+4YeJ54U1JCU1Rbxa+grWgqWQxUEGOanptAmBENnAo2LASpYQmhfdJlTUtjIpkJs/EfQ3xolTbuKG0rBjxWf09kRBozkJHtlAR6ZtYbif95zRQ652HG4yQFFtPJok4qMCg8CgW3uWYUxMASQjW3t2LaI5pQsNEVbAje7MvzxD8pX5S9m9NS5XKaRh7toQN0hDx0hiroGlWRjyh6RM/oFb05T86L8+58TFpzznRmF/2B8/kDq9KZYA==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="r10cwt/8z3lwRYSA9fxi/4z4PsI=">AAACBnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS0FWQyCjeFOBLUL2lhG4plA7gx7m02yZPf22J0TwpHOxr9iY6Fi62+w89+4+Sg08cHA470ZZuZFieAGXPfbyS0sLi2v5FcLa+sbm1vF7Z07o1JNmU+VULoREcMEj5kPHARrJJoRGQlWj/pXI7/+wLThKr6FQcJCSbox73BKwEqt4n4NgkSrBFRQ411JWlmgJe4SM7zPjr1hq1hyy+4YeJ54U1JCU1Rbxa+grWgqWQxUEGOanptAmBENnAo2LASpYQmhfdJlTUtjIpkJs/EfQ3xolTbuKG0rBjxWf09kRBozkJHtlAR6ZtYbif95zRQ652HG4yQFFtPJok4qMCg8CgW3uWYUxMASQjW3t2LaI5pQsNEVbAje7MvzxD8pX5S9m9NS5XKaRh7toQN0hDx0hiroGlWRjyh6RM/oFb05T86L8+58TFpzznRmF/2B8/kDq9KZYA==</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="r10cwt/8z3lwRYSA9fxi/4z4PsI=">AAACBnicbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS0FWQyCjeFOBLUL2lhG4plA7gx7m02yZPf22J0TwpHOxr9iY6Fi62+w89+4+Sg08cHA470ZZuZFieAGXPfbyS0sLi2v5FcLa+sbm1vF7Z07o1JNmU+VULoREcMEj5kPHARrJJoRGQlWj/pXI7/+wLThKr6FQcJCSbox73BKwEqt4n4NgkSrBFRQ411JWlmgJe4SM7zPjr1hq1hyy+4YeJ54U1JCU1Rbxa+grWgqWQxUEGOanptAmBENnAo2LASpYQmhfdJlTUtjIpkJs/EfQ3xolTbuKG0rBjxWf09kRBozkJHtlAR6ZtYbif95zRQ652HG4yQFFtPJok4qMCg8CgW3uWYUxMASQjW3t2LaI5pQsNEVbAje7MvzxD8pX5S9m9NS5XKaRh7toQN0hDx0hiroGlWRjyh6RM/oFb05T86L8+58TFpzznRmF/2B8/kDq9KZYA==</latexit>

Vortex width

16

Theazimuthalwidthofthevortexdecreaseswithwavelengthaspredictedby(Birnstiel+2013)


Questions to answer

1. IS THE VORTEX MASSIVE ENOUGH?

2. IS DUST BEING TRAPPED?

3. IS DUST GROWING?

17


Is dust growing?

18

Band4andBand7

•  αatthelocationofthevortexisconsistentwithlargergrains•  Thelaunchingpointofthespiralisclosetowherethelargergrainsare


VLT/SPHERE

TAKE HOME MESSAGES & CONCLUSIONS •  Thereisobservationalevidenceofaconnectionbetweenvorticesandspiral

arms

•  VortexinHD135344Bobservedandresolvedatdifferentwavelengths:•  Azimuthalshiftdetected

•  Dustefficientlytrappedinthevortex

•  Spectralindexhintstodustgrowth

•  Consistentwithplanetesimalformationoccurringinsidethevortex.

•  Shouldwelookfortheoriginofspiralarmsinvortices?

•  Howmuchmasscanbehiddeninunobservabledustgrains?

19


THANK YOU!

Band 9

20


Differences between the 4 bands

21


22

IRS48

vanderMarel+13

St = 0.015⇥� s

1mm

�� ⇢pc1 g cm�3

��10 g cm�2

⌃gas

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where do the spirals come from? · spirals come from? a multi-wavelength, high-resolution study of...

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