where smart pv meets smart grid j. poortmans scientific director pv@imec part-time professor@kul

WHERE SMART PV MEETS SMART GRID

J. POORTMANS

SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR PV@IMEC

PART-TIME PROFESSOR@KUL

Isabelle Borremans

KU Leuven

2© IMEC 2012

OUTLINE

Energy@imec: the Internet of Power

PV in a global context

PV@imec

EnergyVille: where Smart PV meets Smart Grid▸ PV in Buildings▸ PV in the Shadow▸ Predicting PV energy yield

Key messages

ROAD TO ENERGYVILLE J. POORTMANS 25-06-2013

3© IMEC 2012

IMEC IN THE ENERGY CHALLENGE?

The Internet of Power

Think nano ?

Linking Nanoscale to Gigawatts / GWh


4© IMEC 2012

THE INTERNET OF POWER ...


Generation Storage Distribution Flow

Internet of Data

Central Central Central Data flow known and controllable

Internet of Power

Related imec-activity

Isabelle Borremans

heel kleine foto's --> komt niet over in een slide show

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=DdA6iykwWeJGiM&tbnid=rFM5q3GjW5m-wM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://aidsource.ning.com/page/resource-library&ei=5SGZUdXyEM6qhAeNoYHgBQ&psig=AFQjCNFx-n1ksydR4MaSrvI2EyHablV6yQ&ust=1369076581318669

http://cem200.ahlamontada.net/

5© IMEC 2012




Internet of Data

Central

Ubiquitous generation of information

Central

Ubiquitous storage devices

Central

ExtremeInterconnectivit

y

Data flow known and controllable

Strongly fluctuating

Internet of Power




http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vs4f0oe9gqKlAM&tbnid=dL4CPOth2EREpM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USB_Stick.jpg&ei=-SKZUbK5GdCIhQfk7YDwBw&psig=AFQjCNGjmaa76rZ62tIjfF5-AgceGVOGWQ&ust=1369076857464860

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=zsPiSTWnRudeyM&tbnid=xP7IzVAW5zu6HM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://anamsh13.blogspot.com/2010/11/new-media-versus-rhizome.html&ei=UCSZUfHtIIGL7Aa_1IGQDQ&psig=AFQjCNHX4NUG7Yi2AMeTeJ1w2ATBsmncdw&ust=1369077200582513

6© IMEC 2012




Internet of Data

Central


Central


Central


y



Internet of Power

Central large-scale power

plants

Decentralized production – prosumers


PV-technology

http://www.google.be/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=CzqjBtwtlyPiMM&tbnid=-1Ja7LeX2l_NdM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=https://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Reich.Loomis.fall.2009.energywiki&ei=CiGZUfeFC8yFhQedoYHADA&psig=AFQjCNGP5Cfpu2kdjD1UTsg9J5SYPj7opQ&ust=1369076362230345





7© IMEC 2012




Internet of Data

Central


Central


Central


y



Internet of Power


plants


Balancing

Distributed storage


PV-technology

Electrochemical storage






8© IMEC 2012




Internet of Data

Central


Central


Central


y



Internet of Power


plants


Balancing

Distributed storage

One-directional flow through transmission

and distribution grid

Bi-directional flow of energy


PV-technology


Efficient convertors






9© IMEC 2012




Internet of Data

Central


Central


Central


y



Internet of Power


plants


Balancing

Distributed storage

One-directional flow through transmission

and distribution grid

Bi-directional flow of energy

Stable base load

Highly fluctuating

resources (solar, wind)


PV-technology


Efficient convertors

Energy yield prediction






10© IMEC 2012

OUTLINE



PV@imec


Key messages


11© IMEC 2012

BREATH-TAKING GROWTH ...


Corresponding to 53 full size 1,300MW nuclear reactors … and energy wise to the annual output of 9 such reactors

Isabelle Borremans

te lage resolutie --> brokkelige foto

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012F 2013F 2014F 2015F0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

AND TO BE CONTINUED ...

Source: Photon Consulting

UPSIDE

CONSENSUSFORECAST

Module >$2/W

Module < $1/WChina, India FiT

Japan FiT

(GW)

CAGR = 20% (2012 – 2015)

GROWTH REGIONS CAGR (2012 – 2015)

US, China,India, Japan

ROW (excl. Italy and Germany)

= 38%

= 28%

CONSENSUS FORECASTS* (2009 – 2011)

30-50%BELOW actuals

GERMANY

ITALY

JAPAN

USA

INDIA

CHINA

ROW

Road to EnergyVille J. Poortmans 25-06-2013

Courtesy: Charles Gay, Applied Materials

13© IMEC 2012

PRICE COLLAPSE IN 2011-2013


14© IMEC 2012

EVERY CRISIS ENDS AT SOME TIME Resorption of excess PV-production capacity will take time, but first signs of slow recovery

2/3 of the value creation of the PV-system is still located in Europe – materials, equipment, design&installation

Link with local market is important for PV-systems with high added value (e.g. BIPV)

Will the PV-world after the PV-crisis be the same?


15© IMEC 2012

GRID PARITY: THE HOLY GRAIL?


Courtesy of Prof. J. Luther, Fraunhofer ISE

Residential electricity price

PV electricity

price

Grid parity achieved

16© IMEC 2012

DIFFERENT SCENARIOS FOR PV-DEPLOYMENT

The ideal place to locate PV is where consumption is located

▸ Slightly increases the need for PV-capacity (+10%)▸ Reduces need for additional

transmission/distribution (-75%)ROAD TO ENERGYVILLE J. POORTMANS 25-06-2013

www.epia.org “Connecting the Sun”

17© IMEC 2012

STORAGE “AT OR NEAR THE PROSUMERS’ LOCATION”


www.epia.org “Connecting the Sun”

18© IMEC 2012

IMPACT ON REQUIRED PV-COSTS


Levelized cost of

electricity

=

Investment

cost

Maintenance cost

+

Years of operatio

n

Annual energy output

x

19© IMEC 2012

IMPACT ON REQUIRED PV-COSTS


Levelized cost of

electricity

=

Investment

cost

Maintenance cost

+

Years of operatio

n

Annual energy output

x

Cost for energy storage

+

▸ Grid parity is a milestone, not the end goal▸ PV installed close to consumer to limit

excess PV-capacity▸ Local storage needs to integrated with the

PV system▸ Cost of local storage evolves to 10 c€/kWh

PV investment cost needs to reduced with factor 2 to 3 ! Energy output needs to be further increased

Isabelle Borremans

to be integrated

Isabelle Borremans

to be reduced

20© IMEC 2012

OUTLINE



PV@imec


Key messages


Organic PVCZTS as alternative for CIGS

Thin film photovoltaics20 % -

10 % -

30 % -

Cost(€/Wp) on module level

1.5 1 0.75 < 0.5

Go beyond current Si-PV boundaries

with industrial manufacturable

processes

Silicon photovoltaics

IMEC PV RESEARCH Efficiency targets


Si-PV partners

IMEC CONFIDENTIAL

Solar cell

producers

Material

suppliers

Toolsupplie

rs

Energycompani

es

25 year solar cell research

Kuwait University


Si-based photovoltaics:▸ Thanks to the Vlaams Fotovoltaisch

Initiatief!▸ 6” Screenprinted i-PERC cells > 20%▸ 6” i-PERC (p-type Si) and i-PERT (n-type

Si) cells with Cu contacts near 21%

Si-PV AND OPV PROGRAMSIT IS ALL ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE!


Si-based photovoltaics:▸ 6” Screenprinted i-PERC cells > 20%▸ 6” i-PERC (p-type Si) and i-PERT (n-type

Si) cells with Cu contacts near 21%▸ World class IBC-platform with h > 23%

for Fz- and Cz-Si substrates

Si-PV AND OPV PROGRAMSIT IS ALL ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE!


Substrate

Jsc [mA/cm2]

Voc

[mV]

FF[%]

Efficiency

[%]

CZ 41.4 691 81.1 23.2

FZ ** 41.60 696 80.4 23.3

** Measurement at ISE CalLab with designated illumination area (4 cm2)Designated illumination area measurement (4 cm2)

25© IMEC 2012

SOLLIANCE OPV PROGRAM OVERVIEW

▸ Program partners

WP1 WP2 WP3 WP5 WP6

Pin

WP4Reliability


http://www.nano-c.com/index.html

26© IMEC 2012

ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICSPERFORMANCEOPV: ▸ Certified polymer cells > 9%▸ Certified polymer module > 5.5%▸ Polymer tandem ≈ 9.0%▸ Polymer triple junction > 9.5%▸ Small molecule tandems > 7.5%


10 solution processed layers

28© IMEC 2012

BIPVINTEGRATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION

VISIT DOW CORNING J. POORTMANS 24-06-2013

BIPV: An industry driven by the need of energy efficient buildings

Courtesy of 3E

29© IMEC 2012

BIPV: WHERE EFFICIENCY MEETS BEAUTY

No ‘silver bullet’ for all PV applications▸ PV power plants and regular rooftop systems▸ Future renewable energy demands will required

broadening the application fields

E.g. real building integrated PV (BIPV)- Facades, weak roofs, not ideal orientation, ...- Aesthetics !

Other parameters start to play▸ Flexibility in patterns and shapes▸ Good response to indirect light▸ Cost/m2 rather than cost/Wp

▸ Integrated system solutions

Further R&D essential for all these aspects


PV SYSTEMSTODAY


After http://www.energyenv.co.uk

4

Isabelle Borremans


PV SYSTEMS IN THE SMART GRID ERA


High-eff modules with thin BC Si

solar cells

Distributed DC to AC

conversion

Grid smoothing / balancing needed

local storage

After http://www.energyenv.co.uk

Demand side

management

4

elec. cost = f(time, season, meteo...)

SMART PV-MODULEADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITIES


Maintaining efficiency

under non-STC operation

Integrated re-configuration series ><

parallel

Module-level DC/DC

conversion

Thinner Si and polymer layers

Design-for-disassembly

Integrated condition

monitoring

Control strategies that optimize plant energy / lifetime in synergy with the smart grid

33© IMEC 2012

PV AND THE SHADOW

Partial shadowing leads to large losses of energy yield

Energy yield can be substantially improved by dynamically reconfiguring the PV-module:▸ Integration of sensors▸ Integration of switches

Reliability should remain unaffected

Energy yield modelling to make the trade-off between additional costs and additional energy yield


34© IMEC 2012

ENERGY YIELD PREDICTION

Energy yield crucial for low LCOE▸ Dependent on lifetime & local

conditions▸ Long-term decision for investment

But reliable prediction of energy yield is also crucial for short-term decisions▸ Short-time weather predictions

(hours to day scale)▸ Reliable prediction of energy

“aggregator” crucial for pricing strategy

Focus on effect of non-stationary, non-homogeneous conditions (e.g. T-profile in presence of wind)

Scenario clustering approach


H. Goverde et al. ,to be published

Isabelle Borremans


35© IMEC 2012

KEY MESSAGES

PV is there to stay

Flanders has a strong position in PV R&D

Performance is necessary but not sufficient

In order to remain relevant, one has to create added value on the level of PV-system▸ To increase and predict energy yield▸ To integrate more intelligence (reconfigurability)

at the level of PV-module and system▸ To integrate storage capability

imec wants to create this value together with VITO, KUL and Uhasselt in

EnergyVilleROAD TO ENERGYVILLE J. POORTMANS 25-06-2013

Isabelle Borremans

PV-systems

Isabelle Borremans

KU Leuven

where smart pv meets smart grid j. poortmans scientific director pv@imec part-time professor@kul

Documents

internet of power pv

imec energyville

smart pv

buildings pv

pv deployment

smart grid pv

internet of power think

global context pv