• Which geographic factor was most important to the development of the early river valley civilizations?

• fertile soils • high mountains • vast deserts • smooth coastlines

• One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that

• the location protected the people from land invasion • periodic flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for

farming • these rivers provided a direct trade route between

Europe and Asia • these rivers flowed into the Mediterranean Sea

• Which characteristic did the early civilizations that developed along the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Huang He (Yellow River) have in common?

• each society’s religious beliefs were based on monotheism

• urban communities were built using iron and steel tools • the form of government in each community was based

on male suffrage • transportation and communication were promoted

by a mild climate, fertile soil, and natural water

• Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in

• the central authority of the Pope • a prohibition of the consumption of port • reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths • monotheism and ethical conduct

• According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that

• the ruler should be chosen democratically • the evil in humans must be eliminated • ancestor worship should be discontinued • individuals should know and do what is

expected of them

• The teachings of Confucius encouraged people to

• put their own interests first • reject government authority • believe in reincarnation • follow a code of moral conduct

• The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by

• following the Ten Commandments • worshiping Allah as the one true god • learning to give up selfish desire • being baptized and confirmed

• Jewish religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by

• Ramadan and the concept of reincarnation • the Torah and the Diaspora • the New Testament and the Four Noble Truths • the Koran and the code of bushido

• In India, the Caste system determined a person’s occupation, personal associations, and marriage partner. This situation shows that the Caste system

• has helped eliminate ethnic and religious rivalries • has promoted social mobility within Indian society • has been stronger in urban areas that in rural areas • has been a way of life as well as an element of

religion

• Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that

• the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa

• most African leaders were educated in the Middle East

• European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa

• Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire

• The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of

• Islam • Jainism • Shinto • Buddhism

• Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism?

• competition and financial success • maintaining the caste system and providing

education for all people • practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly

desires • self-determination and democracy

• A belief of animism is that• after death the soul is reborn in another human

form • holy wars must be fought to gain entry into

heaven • meditation leads followers to nirvana • spirits of nature inhabit all living and

nonliving object

• One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were separated by the

• Congo River Basin • Great Rift Valley • Sahara Desert • Arabian Sea

• In China, the development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by

• its historic reliance on foreign nations • a long history of democratic government • a strong belief in Christianity • its geographic isolation

• Which generalization is characteristic of most traditional societies?

• people move from city to city seeking new jobs

• sons learn the same trades as their fathers • a high degree of social mobility exists • all people have the same economic

opportunities

• Recent archeological studies suggest the theory that

• the earliest humans evolved in the Rift Valley in Africa

• farming societies developed before hunting and gathering societies

• all the continents were settled at about the same time

• the wheel was used by all ancient societies

• Geographic isolation of a people frequently reinforces

• a traditional way of life • the development of scientific investigation • the need for higher education • a process of cultural diffusion

• The study of culture primarily involves• observing the physical environment of people • learning why various peoples live as they do • understanding the technology of modern

machinery • analyzing the personalities of children in the

same family

• Which activity is the best example of cultural diffusion in Africa?

• weaving kente cloth in Ghana • using masks in traditional African ceremonies • discovering bronze sculptures from Benin • practicing of Islam in Nigeria

• Before towns and cities can develop in a society, the society needs to establish

• an educational system • an agricultural surplus • a writing system • a democratic government

• One result of the Neolithic Revolution was• an increase in the number of nomadic tribes • a reliance on hunting and gathering for food • the establishment of villages and the rise of

governments • a decrease in trade between cultural group

• Which term is used to describe the spread of Buddhism from India through Southeast Asia?

• ethnocentrism • isolation • imperialism • cultural diffusion

• The Ancient Romans’ most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of

• economics • poetry • drama • law

• The Ancient Athenians are credited with• inventing and using the wheel • eliminating slavery • establishing governments that had

democratic elements • inventing the printing press

• Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy?

• Phoenician • Egyptian • Sumerian • Greek

• The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta• was primarily concerned with the health of

their people • was a powerful military state • granted universal suffrage to their people • placed great emphasis on literature and the art

• A major contribution of the Roman Republic to Western European culture was the

• concept of government by laws • belief that political power should be controlled

by the military • establishment of agricultural communes • rejection of the concept of slavery

• An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was

• a renewed interest in education and the arts • a period of disorder and weak central

government • an increase in trade and manufacturing • the growth of cities and dominance by the

middle class

• After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as the

• Persian Empire • Byzantine Empire • Mongol Empire • Gupta Empire

• A major effect of the decline of the Roman Empire was that Western Europe

• came under the control of the Muslims • was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire • returned to a republican form of government • entered a period of chaos and disorder

• Alexander the Great’s conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the

• spread of Hellenic culture • adoption of a feudal system • establishment of representative democracy • spread of Islamic culture throughout Euro

• One similarity between Axum, Kush, and Nubia was that they were

• military leaders in the Neolithic Age • rivers along which early trade developed • writers of epic poems about Greek cities • early civilizations in Africa

• Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the early civilizations of Axum, Kush, Mali and Songhai?

• these African societies flourished at the same time • farming was more extensive in the Nile River

Valley than it was in the Fertile Crescent • the Neolithic Revolution occurred in Africa • these societies had a long and rich history

before their first contact with Europeans

• One similarity between the Ancient African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, Mali and Songhai is that all of these kingdoms were located

• in mountainous terrain • in coastal areas • on major trading routes • in rain forest area

• One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they

• were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

• had no contact with the rest of the world • followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers • developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and

salt

• A similarity between the ancient western African kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai is that these kingdoms

• limited the power of their rulers • practiced Christianity • established economies based on trade • isolated themselves from contact with other

cultures

• Which Empire is referred to in the following quotation?

• “Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task.”

• Hellenistic • Mongol • Byzantine • Ottoma

• An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the

• Orthodox Christian religion • use of the Latin alphabet • beginning of democracy • factory system

• Which empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet to Russia?

• Mongol • Byzantine • British • Gupta

• The adoption of the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Cyrillic alphabet by the Russian people occurred as a result of

• territorial expansion during the reign of Catherine the Great

• the westernization policies of Peter the Great • contact with Byzantine culture in the 10th

century • the influence of the Crusaders during the Middle

Ages

• In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an important feature of life was the development of

• codified laws • social and political equality • the Islamic religion • agricultural communes

• Which document is an example of a primary source?

• a textbook on Russian history • an encyclopedia article on religions of the

Middle East • a novel on the Age of Exploration • the diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp

• A dynasty means

 • succession of rulers from the same tribe • succession of rulers from the same family• succession of rulers from the same country• succession of rulers from the same continent

• The concept of the Mandate of Heaven, as practiced in China, was used to justify every time

• a new ruler was born• soldiers were sent off to fight invaders• to explain why China felt itself superior to the

“barbarian west”• to justify rebellion and replacement of one ruler

for another

• In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges River remains important to India because it is

• the only source of Indian hydroelectric power • a sacred river for the Hindu population • the birthplace of Hindu culture • an unofficial boundary between the Hindus

and Muslims

• Augustus began his rule during this period of time known as the “Roman Peace”

• Medieval• Prehistory• Pax Romana• Neolithic Revolution

• The Byzantine Empire came to an end in 1453 A.D. when the city of Constantinople fell to the

 • Germanic tribes• Ottoman Turks• Visigoths• Vandals