Which of the following is a unique characteristic of arteries, when compared to veins?

1. Arteries contain tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa.

2. Arteries have a thinner tunica media.

3. Arteries contain an internal elastic membrane in their tunica interna.

4. Arteries collapse when blood is not flowing through them.

Which of the following is an important characteristic of capillaries?

1. Blood flows through them quickly and exchange occurs slowly.

2. Blood flows through them slowly and exchange occurs quickly.

3. They expand and recoil with elastic rebound.

4. None of these is correct.

Where are fenestrated capillaries important? Why?

1. In filtration areas of the kidneys/they allow rapid exchange of water and solutes between plasma and interstitial fluid.

2. In the blood-brain barrier/they have restricted permeability.

3. In almost all areas of the body/they allow diffusion of very small molecules and water.

4. All of the above are correct.

Why are valves located in veins, but not in arteries?

1. Because venous blood pressure is lower

2. Because valves prevent backflow of blood

3. Because venous walls are more muscular

4. 1 and 2 are correct

Georgia stands all day at her job, from what condition may she begin to suffer?

1. An aneurysm

2. Varicose veins

3. Atherosclerosis

4. High blood pressure

The heart and arteries of the systemic and pulmonary circuits contain ___% of blood volume and the venous system contains ____%. Why?

1. 50:50/Blood must be evenly distributed.

2. 65:35/High capacitation of arteries.

3. 35:65/Low capacitation of veins.

4. All of these may be correct, depending on whether the individual is sedentary or exercising.

Why is blood pressure higher in the aorta than in the inferior vena cava?

1. The diameter of the aorta is smaller and velocity of blood flow is also greater.

2. The cross-sectional area of both is the same, but velocity is higher in the inferior vena cava.

3. Arterial branching is less than that of arteries.

4. The aorta is shorter than the inferior vena cava.

If two blood vessels are of equal length, but one is 2 times the diameter of the other, how is resistance to

flow affected in the wider vessel? What equation expresses this?

1. Resistance is half as great/F r(½)

2. Resistance is twice as great/F r(2)

3. Resistance is 16 times greater/F r4

4. Resistance is 16 times less/F 1/r4

How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) determined?

1. It is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

2. It is diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure divided by 3).

3. It is systolic pressure + pulse pressure.

4. None of these is correct.

While standing in the hot sun, Sally begins to feel light headed and faints. Explain.

1. Blood has pooled in her lower limbs.

2. Cardiac output has decreased, sending less blood to the brain.

3. Sweating has reduced blood volume.

4. All of the above have occurred.

Why does most filtration take place at the arterial end of a capillary?

1. CHP is higher at the arterial end.

2. Fenestrations are larger in diameter.

3. There are more solutes to be filtered there.

4. Blood colloidal osmotic pressure is greater there.

Answer:

What event is happening if net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative?

1. Fluid is moving out of a capillary.

2. The volume of interstitial fluid is increasing.

3. Reabsorption is occurring in a capillary.

4. The person may be hemorrhaging.

Which of the following is an example of a local vasoconstrictor?

1. Nitric oxide

2. Prostaglandins

3. Elevated temperature

4. Lactic acid

ADH, angiotensin II, EPO, and ANP are all involved in long-term regulation of blood volume. Which two

are also important in regulating blood pressure?

1. ANP and ADH

2. ANP and EPO

3. EPO and ADH

4. ADH and angiotensin II

If blood pressure rises above normal and baroreceptors in the carotid sinus are unresponsive, which of the following conditions will occur?

1. Vasomotor centers inhibited/cardioinhibitory centers stimulated/decrease in cardiac output

2. Vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers remain stimulated/decreased blood flow to the brain

3. Decrease in cardiac output/peripheral vasodilation

4. Vasomotor centers stimulated/increased blood flow to the brain

Mr. Tanner has been prescribed an ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors prevent ___.

1. Production of aldosterone and secretion of ADH

2. Stimulation of cardioinhibitory centers

3. The cascade of events following release of EPO

4. None of these is correct

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

1. Because cardiac output increases

2. Because resistance in visceral tissues increases

3. Because generating muscular heat constricts arteries

4. 1 and 2 are correct

A patient in the ER has lost 1.5 liters of blood. Which of the following help restore venous return and improve cardiac output?

1. Secretion of E, NE, and constriction of arterioles

2. Secretion of ADH and aldosterone

3. Mobilization of venous reserves and recall of interstitial fluids

4. All of the above are correct

The pulmonary veins are the only veins that ____.

1. Carry blood away from the heart

2. Carry oxygenated blood

3. Carry lymph into blood circulation

4. Carry blood to more than one organ

Trace blood from the aortic arch to the right thumb. a = artery and v = vein | R = right and L = left

1. R. subclavian a. R. axillary a. R. brachial a. R. ulnar a. Palmar arches

2. R. radial v. R. brachial v. R. axillary v. R. subclavian v. Brachiocephalic v.

3. Brachiocephalic a. R. subclavian a. R. axillary a. R. brachial a. R. radial a. Palmar

arches

4. None of these is correct

Gordon has suffered a stroke in his basilar artery. Which regions of his brain suffer damage?

1. Medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

2. Frontal lobes and anterior parietal lobes.

3. Posterior parietal and occipital lobes.

4. None of these, because of alternate circulatory routes through the cerebral arterial circle.

Grace is in an automobile accident, and her celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs are directly

affected by this injury?

1. Kidneys, adrenal glands

2. Stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas

3. Gonads, abdominal wall, diaphragm

4. Diaphragm, esophagus, liver

Blood in the left internal iliac artery could travel to all of the following destinations, except _____.

1. Pelvic muscles

2. Reproductive organs

3. Gluteal muscles

4. Quadriceps muscles

A thrombus in the popliteal vein prevents blood flow from the _____ and to the ______.

1. Internal iliac vein/gluteal vein

2. Tibial and fibular veins/femoral vein

3. Small saphenous vein/anterior tibial vein and dorsal venous arch

4. External iliac vein/fibular and tibial veins

The hepatic portal system delivers ______.

1. Nutrients to the liver

2. Wastes to the kidneys

3. Oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs

4. Hormones and enzymes to the pancreas

In fetal circulation, what is the role of the ductus venosus?

1. Connects aorta and pulmonary trunk, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation

2. Brings oxygen and nutrients to the fetus

3. Collects blood from veins of the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava

4. Carries away metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide