white group
DESCRIPTION
White Group. The involvement of the Military is good for computing We are for the argument Metrics Faster Lighter Robust Statistically more accurate Improvements to communications. The White Team. Leader - Jonathan Speaker 1 - Joe Ian Wayne Speaker 2 - Eoghan Robert Eleanor. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 1
White Group
The involvement of the Military is good for computing
We are for the argument
Metrics Faster Lighter Robust Statistically more accurate Improvements to
communications
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 2
The White Team
Leader - Jonathan
Speaker 1 - Joe Ian Wayne
Speaker 2 - Eoghan Robert Eleanor
Speaker 3 - Conor Ross Anthony Jade
Rebuttal - Ross Jonathan
Other Tasks PowerPoint
Jonathan and Ross
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 3
Our Argument
What does the motion mean? Definition of keywords. Speaker 1 : Joe World War 2 Enigma ArpaNET Speaker 2 : Eoghan DARPA GPS Servers n’ Chips Speaker 3 : Conor Cold War/Space Race Apollo Guidance System US & Russian Space Shuttles Summary of Group’s Argument
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 4
Definitions
What does the motion mean? That the military has created and enhanced computing
through its funding. That because the military has a no risk assessed profit
agenda, high risk technologies can be developed.
Definition of keywords.
‘Good’ – not Bad
‘Military’ – Government Defense Department
‘Computer’ – A high-speed mathematical or logical operations device
‘Involvement’ – For use by or created/researched by
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 5
Speaker 2 - Joe
The technology used back from WW2 up to the 1960’s has been a foundation to modern day computing
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 6
World War 2
German Military developed Enigma in 1929
Code breaking needed to decipher German Messages
Alan Turing develops Colossus in 1943
Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park
Enigma
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 7
ENIAC & EDVAC ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer) “The world's first electronic digital computer was developed by
Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing tables.” - http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html
Start of project: 1943 Completed: 1946 First fully electronic decimal computer Leaded to EDVAC
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) Start of project: 1946 Completed: 1952 Unlike ENIAC, it was the first with stored program space.
First fully electronic binary computer
which is now standard to modern computing First internally stored program computer which is now
standard to modern computingENIAC Computer 1946
EDVAC computer 1952
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 8
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Feb 7th 1958 (ARPAnet 1969)
Needed for decentralised command centres A benefit of ARPANet's design was that,
because messages could be routed or reroutedin more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.
Critical to foundations of the internet US Military First Packet Switching Network
“A networking technology that breaks up a message into smaller packets for transmission and switches them to their required destination.”
According to Brendan T, he was one of the first persons to send data over a local area network
Brendan T.
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 9
The Motion
These points have shown the motion to be TRUE in that …..
Fundamental technology First of it’s kind Where was the likes of IBM? Paradigm Shift
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 10
Speaker 2 - Eoghan
Improvement to communications Advancement in progression in processing
power DARPA
neXt Generation (XG) ProgramGPS
Servers n’ Chips
Robust Computing
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 11
“The DARPA mission is to develop imaginative, innovative and often high-risk research ideas offering a significant technological impact
that will go well beyond the normal evolutionary developmental approaches; and, to pursue these ideas from the demonstration of
technical feasibility through the development of prototype systems.”
DARPA funded development of RISC
Budget – 2003- €2.14bn, 2005 - €2.4bn
neXt Generation (XG) Communication – Allows multiple users use of wider spectrum
Web Ontology Language (OWL) – new web standard. OWL provides a clear, machine-readablestructure for the data in pages already published on the web
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 12
GPS Satellite
The first GPS Satellite was launched in 1978US Navy and Air Force created system of navigation, the result of which was GPS. Fully developed in 1994, GPS quickly became a commercial product.
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 13
Global Positioning System (GPS)
•€3.7 billion sales (civilian) last yearUSES:•In car navigation•Emergency response•Weather forecasting•Commercial fishing•Farming2000 – Bill Clinton removedselective availability
– JETS – Journey Estimation Time System Keywords: GPS, GIS, Map Matching
Vinny Cahill
GPS Device
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 14
Servers n’ Chips ASCI WHITE IBM Nuclear Funding
Fastest at the time 1999 Military put funds into computers
instead of nuclear development
IBM, Cray & Sun funded by DARPA($146m) to produce new breed of supercomputer in 2002
DARPA's latest idea is to nurture a new generation of supercomputers for national security and industrial uses
Colorado State University – funded by DARPA in last 4 years to produce a chip 600 times faster than the quickest Pentium.
ASCI White Computer
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 15
The Motion
These points have shown the motion to be TRUE in that …..
Improvements to Communications
The military, in particular DARPA has taken the computer industry into areas the commercial sector is too reluctant to consider.
Military is not motivated by profit, but development and innovation to improve technology.
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 16
Conor – Space Race
Pre-Space Race "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."
- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 "Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons."
- Popular Mechanics, 1949This view was held right up to the time of the space race
Post-Space Race Miniaturisation Robust Faster Lighter Transportable
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 17
Cold War/Space Race
Cold War Propaganda Apollo Guidance Systems
"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal,
before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him
safely to the Earth."
— Pres. Kennedy, May 25, 1961
Apollo Guidance System
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 18
Apollo Guidance System 1964 Oct 14 First Apollo guidance system shipped
In a letter to NASA Administrator James E. Webb,
reported that the first Apollo guidance system
completed acceptance testing and was shipped at
11:30p.m. and arrived at Downey, California, early
the following day. AC reported that in more than
2,000 hours of operation they had found the system
to be "remarkably reliable, accurate and simple to
operate.
This shows that computers were now becoming more reliable, smaller and easy to use
Apollo Guidance System
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 19
US & Russian Space Shuttles
Cold War Propaganda Space craft need advanced
computing solutions to deal with the challenges of space
The (Russian) Buran 1 (launched in 1988 ) mission was limited to 2 orbits due to computer memory limitations.
– NASA Mir Space Station, its first
part launched in 1986 (last part launched in 1996) had been orbiting around the Earth right up to 2001(15 years)
MIR Space Station
Columbia Space Craft
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 20
Bibliography
www.bletchleypark.net/ www.computerhistory.org/exhibits/ internet_history/index.page ibasics-qna.netfirms.com/internet.html www.darpa.mil/ http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR614/MR614.appb.pdf http://abcnews.go.com/sections/business/SciTech/forbes_gps_030403.html www.news.com www.IBM.com www.cs.tcd.ie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer http://www.popular-science.net/history/buran.html http://www.ddj.com/documents/s=1494/ddj0006hc/0101hc001.htm www.nasa.gov http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://www.russianspaceweb.com/chronology.html
1BA6 White Group Class Presentation - The involvement of the Military is good for computing 21
Summary
That the military has created and enhanced computing through its funding. This has been shown from the computers used for
code breaking in WWII, right through to DARPA. That because the military has a no risk assessed profit
agenda, high risk technologies can be developed. The Cold War/Space program has resulted in high
risk technologies developed for space (smaller, faster, robust) being now used daily in modern computing we now have computers.