white lines save lives road markings and active safety george a. lee ceo - highways industry...
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WHITE LINES WHITE LINES
SAVE LIVESSAVE LIVES
ROAD MARKINGS AND ROAD MARKINGS AND ACTIVE SAFETYACTIVE SAFETY
George A. Lee George A. Lee
CEO - Highways Industry CEO - Highways Industry Confederation (UK)Confederation (UK)
White Lines Save Lives
Markings When & WhyIn the UK, markings introduced in 1920’s, Minister of
Transport expressed,
- “the opinion that the experience tends to show that the White Line is calculated not only to reduce the number of accidents, but also to assist materially in the
control of traffic by the police”
Today the road marking network is acknowledged to:
Reduce Accidents Control TrafficDirect Traffic Act on Congestion
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Specifying MarkingsSetting Standards - European Norms
ENs are a range output standards measured by performance of various variables.
Established under Public Procurement Directive Created to remove barriers to trade between EU
states Places road user and not client as the customer Compliance measured by output monitoring I.e.
the performance of the product
White Lines Save Lives
Specifying MarkingsSetting Standards - European Norms
EN 1436 – Road Marking Performance for Road Users
EN 1463 –1 & 2 – Retro reflecting Road Studs EN 1790 – Preformed Road Markings EN 1824 – Road Trials EN 1871 – Physical Properties
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Specifying MarkingsSetting Standards - European Norms
Materials are trialled over one climatic cycle or by turntable
Materials are measured for Performance variables such as Retro reflectivity, Skid Resistance and Luminance (whiteness) against a range of ‘wheel over’ classes.
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Performance of markings- What performance?
Performance criteria are specified in accordance with EN 1436 allowing for a range of values to be called up
Retro reflectivity values range from 100mcd through to 300mcd for dry markings
Skid Resistance values range from 45srt to 65srt Performance variables are also defined for wet
markings
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Performance of markings – What performance?
Generic Performance Specifications used in the UK are mainly
- The Specification for Highways Works
(Highways Agency)
- StanSpec (enhanced SHW) from RSMA
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Performance of markings – What performance?
Performance options are
set out clearly Specifier can select values
for each variable, although
there are practical
restrictions
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Maintenance of markings – Defining maintenance
Maintenance now based on performance of in situ markings
In UK TD26/07 Highways Agency Maintenance Standard
Clients are required to monitor their network to identify maintenance need
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Maintenance of markings - Defining maintenance
Two methods of monitoring retro reflectivity
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Maintenance of markings - Defining maintenance
TD26/07 requires annual monitoring of road marking network
Markings falling below 100mcd require investigation and below 80mcd require replacement
Failures are identified as either Category 1 or Category 2 with differing replacement schedules
White Lines Save LivesMaintenance of markings –
Defining maintenance
Category 1 defects require immediate replacement (or within 24 hours)
Category 2 defects require replacement within 3 months
TD26/07 also requires assessment of wear using a wear index
M3, Line 1,
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Maintenance of markings - Defining maintenance
Maintenance requirements are defined, therefore there is a need to understand the variables that impact upon performance and therefore define the maintenance requirement.
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Placing in context the positive impact of an
effective road marking network. Extensive research in UK and US
- Use of wet night product for lane lines
- Use of wet night product for junctions
- Markings & LA Accident Reduction Schemes
- Use of audible markings
- The impact of edge lines on rural roads
White Lines Save Lives
Cheshire County Council 2007 dataMaterial applied 2003
- Serious Accidents down from 2 to 0
- Slight Accidents down from 14 to 6
- Wet night accidents down from 4 to 0
Use of wet night product for lane lines
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Use of wet night product for junctions
Durham County Council 2007 data- Material applied 2003- 50% reduction in accidents associated with improved marking layouts- Reduction in speed in
the 85th percentile- An average 1st year rate of return of 1,868%
White Lines Save Lives
Markings & LA Accident Reduction Schemes
ROSPA & TRL Research 2000 & 2006- TRL: Average reduction in accidents for road marking schemes 32%- ROSPA analysisMarking schemes reduce accidents by 34%Markings & Signs schemes reduce accidents by 41%
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Use of Audible markings
3 fold road safety benefits- Clear definition of edge line, sensory vibration and warning noise.- 2 sets of data from 1994 and 2001 indicate accident reduction of 70% in month one and up to 50% long term
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Use of edge lines on rural roads
Analysis of data from 1979-1985, English Counties
- Accident reduction of up to 30% overall, with night
time accident reduction of up to 68%
White Lines Save Lives
Making markings work
Performance for road users, optimising road safety
Standards – National Standards Body
EN 1436, EN 1463 –1 & 2, EN 1790, EN 1824, EN 1871Range of supporting standards for glass beads, factory production & control etc. OR go to www.bsi-uk.com
Specification – StanSpec [email protected]
Maintenance – UK Highways Agency www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/dmrb/vol8/section2/td2607.pdf
Understanding – ERF, HIC,RSMA & similar groups
